The Conscience of Companies Today Free Essays

Authoritative or corporate social duty alludes to the commitment of a business firm to look for activities that ensure and improve the government assistance of society alongside its own advantages. Corporate social obligation frequently provokes organizations to be responsible for the outcomes of their activities influencing the firm’s partners while they seek after conventional monetary objectives. The overall population anticipates that business should be socially capable, and numerous organizations have reacted by making social objectives a piece of their general business activities (Hay, 1989). We will compose a custom exposition test on The Conscience of Companies Today or then again any comparative subject just for you Request Now This paper will talk about four organizations that have a soul towards our today’s society, and assisted with making a superior network for us all, they are Johnson, American Telephone Telegraph (ATT), Herman Miller, and Procter Gamble. An emergency defied Johnson in the fall of 1982, when seven Chicago region inhabitants kicked the bucket in the wake of taking Extra-Strength Tylenol containers polluted with cyanide. Not exclusively was $400-million-every year Tylenol the smash hit U.S. tranquilize, yet it was an item that represented the Johnson notoriety for quality, delicacy, and fine social insurance (Kreitner, 1990). Notwithstanding the weights of managing national media inclusion, JJ official quickly made their ways for the press and made careful arrangements to keep the open educated about the circumstance. It before long became obvious that the cyanide had been placed into the containers after they had left JJ’s plants, and the issue appeared to be limited to the Chicago zone. By and by, Tylenol deals sank to 20 percent of their past level, and an assessment of public sentiment demonstrated that 61 percent of Tylenol clients proposed to quit utilizing the item. A significant inquiry that emerged was some solution for the 31 million jugs of Extra-Strength Tylenol on drugstore retires all through the nation. The FBI and Food and Drug Administration exhorted JJ supervisors not to make any radical move. All things being equal, the chiefs immediately made the remarkable stride of reviewing the unsold jugs, at an expense to the type of $100 million (Fortune, 1987). Half a month later they chose to reintroduce Tylenol cases in a triple-fixed, alter safe bundle. In the months following the catastrophe, the organization built up a shopper hot line and proceeded with broad collaboration with media. It additionally made a generally promoted discount offer to shoppers for any pre-emergency containers they despite everything had, and its executive, James E. Burke, showed up on the Donahue appear. In an assessment of public sentiment taken 3 months after the disaster, 93 percent of the open felt that JJ had worked superbly of dealing with its duties. In thinking about these occasions, David R. Claire, JJ’s president, stated, â€Å"Crisis arranging didn't see us through this disaster close to as much as the sound business the executives theory that is encapsulated in out Credo.† The Credo’s first opening sentence is: â€Å"We accept our first duty is to the specialists, medical caretakers and patients, to moms and fathers and all other people who utilize our items and services.† (Pearce David, 1987) . Shockingly, the significance of depending on the Credo was before long shown again by another emergency. In mid 1986, a 23-year-elderly person kicked the bucket subsequent to taking a cyanide-bound Tylenol container. The organization immediately offered to the supplant cases with caplets, tablets looking like cases. The substitution exertion cost JJ $150 million. What's more, JJ declared that it would not, at this point offer Tylenol in cases another intense and exorbitant move with regards to its Credo. The activities of JJ in the two Tylenol occurrences earned the organization broad applause. Among Fortune’s 300 most respected U.S. companies, JJ was appraised number one out of 1987 on network and ecological duty. JJ’s activity in the Tylenol circumstance were abnormally quick, conclusive, and exorbitant. In the mid-1990s, Tylenol stays one of the America’s generally mainstream and believed brand names (Guzzardi, 1990). The item orders about 33% of the $3 billion brand name pain relieving market. No other brand approaches have even 50 percent of Tylenol’s piece of the overall industry. American Telephone Telegraph (ATT) built up objectives for decreasing air outflows, CFCs, strong waste, and unsafe waste in 1990. Under the bearing of David R. Chittick, ATT’s VP of condition and wellbeing, the organization has either outperformed its activities, ATT contributed $25 million to build up a variety of elective advancements (Business Week, 1987). One, called how solids shower fluxer, dispenses with the requirement for CFC solvents to clean overabundance motion from electronic circuit broads. ATT is presently offering this innovation to exactly 25 different organizations, among them IBM. ATT even parts with its thoughts now and again, to assist with making a superior and more secure condition for all. The organization figured out how to dispose of essentially the entirety of its ozone-exhausting substances a year and half before company’s objective, and 2 years in front of the overall boycott. Presently ATT doesn't need to stress over the new U.S. law that expects organizations to put notice names on all merchandise that contain or are made with ozone-exhausting substances. The organization calculates that the expense of following and naming all the small parts and exchanging frameworks that it once made with CFCs would indicate countless dollars. The early eliminate additionally will spare ATT $25 million every year. What's more, ATT grasps all out quality administration (TQM) standards to take care of the widespread office contamination issue of an excessive amount of paper. To start with, the organization built up a corporate paper decrease objective of 15 percent by 1995, at that point it made a corporate TQM group to make sense of how to meet it. The department’s TQM groups recommended basic approaches to diminish paper utilization, for example, dispensing with spread pages and utilizing electronic as opposed to printed media. The office was expending 22 percent less paper inside a year. Today, ATT is one of the organizations that has the notoriety of sparing the world. Company’s ‘goes green’ make a superior spot for networks, yet in addition helping the organization to save money on a ton of expenses. Herman Miller, Inc., demonstrates that money related achievement and a steady endeavoring to be a superior corporate resident are corresponding, not conflicting, objectives (Griffin, 1993). The organization has for some time been also referred to for its participative administration framework with respect to its imaginative office furniture plans (Woodruff, 1991). The organization is doing all that it can to decrease its antagonistic impact on nature. It reuses calfskin, vinyl, froth, office paper, phone directories, greasing up oil, and even old office furniture. At the point when it found that reusing 800,000 Styrofoam cups each year was not commonsense, it prohibited the cups and passed out 5,000 mugs. Rather than dumping into landfills the 4,000 tons of scrap texture that it delivers every year, it presently transports them to a North Carolina firm that shreds them and transforms them into protection for vehicle rooftop linings and dashboards. Since 1982, a great part of the refuse that can not be reused has energized Miller’s squander to-vitality plant, which spares $750,000 per year in fuel and landfill costs and paid for itself in ten years, 10 years in front of calendar (Woodruff, 1991). Mill operator likewise as of late burned through $800,000 for two innovative incinerators to consume the harmful solvents that evade during recoloring and varnishing. Miller’s natural awareness reaches out past nearby and national items. One of the company’s most popular items, the $2, 277 Earnes seat, was constantly gotten done with rosewood until the company’s examine administrator understood that Herman Miller was adding to the pulverization of tropical downpour woodlands. He thusly prohibited the utilization of rosewood and Honduran mahogany. Another trial of Herman Miller’s others conscious mentality came when a portion of its workers gotten the AIDS infection. At the point when an AIDS casualty in the company’s Georgia plant chose to tell the remainder of the laborers about his condition, his boss assumed responsibility, going about as what Herman Miller Chairman Max DePree calls a â€Å"roving leader†. The boss told two directors, and afterward them three immediately told everybody in the plant, guaranteeing that gossipy tidbits didn't begin. On the following workday after the declaration, the company’s chief of wellbeing and health flew down from Michigan to show a video on AIDS and answer questions. With a past filled with such affectability to its condition and its laborers, it is nothing unexpected that Herman Miller tops arrangements of generally principled and best-oversaw organizations (Nelson-Horchler, 1991). Procter Gamble is another organization that has a soul by helping the network. The 23rd Summer Olympic Games will be held in Los Angeles, in July and August. This will be the high purpose of long periods of difficult work and preparing by numerous individuals of America’s youthful competitors who are anxious for a chance to make this nation sparkle. Be that as it may, the U.S. Olympic Committee, which is liable for handling the U.S. group, relies upon the American individuals to help these skilled competitors. The U.S is the main significant country on the planet whose Olympic competitors don't get a proceeding with government endowment. U.S contenders are bolstered exclusively by private gifts. PG has started a few projects to help raise these assets, allowing a huge number of Americans to help this significant reason (Cordtz, 1990). Five major separate coupon occasions, including more than thirty PG brands, make up the company’s Olympic advancements. They are intended to urge buyer to buy PG brands and in this manner help U.S. Olympic competitors. The organization additionally supported a sweepstakes that assisted with raising more assets. PG Chairman of Board Owen B. Head servant introduced a check for $1 million, on be

A Date With Kosinski Essay Example For Students

A Date With Kosinski Essay A Date with KosinskiBeing James Bond is each keeps an eye on dream. The wonderful ladies, extravagant vehicles, perilous excursions, and lovely ladies. Numerous men couldn't want anything more than to be in his place where all the peril and energy occur. We dont have that ability to turn into a global covert agent, yet in the novel, Blind Date by Jerzy Kosinski, we are presented to an actual existence like that of James Bond. He experiences mystery arrangements. Jerzy Kosinskis utilization of words enormously adds to the books greatness. He powers the peruser to envision everything that occurs in the novel utilizing illustrative words and expressions. The principle character of the novel is George Levanter. He acts like a financial specialist and a playboy. Arranged meeting is in truth nearly evaluated X epic since Levanter has intercourse to numerous ladies through his entire life, which are all depicted in detail in the novel. Kosinski composes Levanter as a mystery man and commonl y never uncovering who he truly is inside. Whats intriguing about the novel is that Kosinski and Levanter share numerous things in like manner. Kosinskis life and recollections are dispersed all through the book giving the peruser a window to see his life through the eyes of Levanter. Jerzy Kosinski was conceived in Lodz, Poland in 1933. Kosinski was isolated from his folks not long after Nazi Germanys attack of Lodz, and the dread and brutality that he encountered during World War II left a scar on his spirit. Not long after the war, Kosinski was brought together with his family. Kosinski considered human science and political theory at the University of Lodz. At 24 years old, he left his country and set up another culture in the United States, where he showed himself the English language in 4 months. Kosinskis life genuinely is available in the novel. He expounds on moving, being strange, and searching for adoration, all of which portrays Levanter. In the wake of moving to the United States, Kosinski began to compose and distribute books and humanism books. He is known for his clear creative mind and his utilization of words to show the peruser what he expounds on. Robert E. Ziegler says: Kosinskis work is an anecdotal develop, a literary triumph of the creative mind . . .. He is an ace of words, continually picking the correct ones to make the peruser experience the book rather than simply understanding it. A writer who shows me the story through composing is significantly more intriguing than a book that doesnt. The epic is loaded up with both fervor and creative mind. Kosinski plays with the words and creates an incredible novel. In the novel Blind Date, he clarifies the life of Levanter, a financial specialist, who puts his time and vitality in managing life. Levanter encounters numerous things we could never consider doing. From the earliest starting point as far as possible of the story, the peruser is presented to sex, dealings, and more sex. Levanter makes wants to six unique ladies in the novel incorporating one scene with his mom. Levanter is a man who cherishes ladies and wants to associate with companions. His companion Romarkin had been a companion with him since he was a youngster. They met at the International Youth for Peace Festival and hit it off. Levanter and Romarkin had cooperated . . .supported and sorted out by the administration party (Kosinski 40). Starting there on, he was firmly joined to him. Together they went to political gatherings and delighted in easygoing sex with a robot. The tale has no genuine plot line. It is a n ovel about his encounters throughout everyday life and how he manages them. Levanter is a mystery man. He wants to control the brains of others and control them. In one case, he is out skiing in the Alps one morning when he notices a lady battling to advance down the incline. The three men with her give no consideration to her. In the wake of snapping a photo of the entire thing, Levanter at that point enables the woman to up and starts to scrutinize her. He finds that the lady was an unpracticed skier. Levanter instructs her out with respect to peril and afterward undermines the men that he will build up the photos and open them to the Authorities of ValPina. .u4fcc560906d1bc8d7fc372b928ecc839 , .u4fcc560906d1bc8d7fc372b928ecc839 .postImageUrl , .u4fcc560906d1bc8d7fc372b928ecc839 .focused content zone { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .u4fcc560906d1bc8d7fc372b928ecc839 , .u4fcc560906d1bc8d7fc372b928ecc839:hover , .u4fcc560906d1bc8d7fc372b928ecc839:visited , .u4fcc560906d1bc8d7fc372b928ecc839:active { border:0!important; } .u4fcc560906d1bc8d7fc372b928ecc839 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u4fcc560906d1bc8d7fc372b928ecc839 { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; haziness: 1; progress: murkiness 250ms; webkit-progress: obscurity 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u4fcc560906d1bc8d7fc372b928ecc839:active , .u4fcc560906d1bc8d7fc372b928ecc839:hover { darkness: 1; change: mistiness 250ms; webkit-change: darkness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u4fcc560906d1bc8d7fc372b928ecc839 .focused content zone { width: 100%; position: relative; } .u4fcc560906d1bc8d7fc372b928ecc839 .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content beautification: underline; } .u4fcc560906d1bc8d7fc372b928ecc839 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u4fcc560906d1bc8d7fc372b928ecc839 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; fringe sweep: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: intense; line-tallness: 26px; moz-outskirt span: 3px; content adjust: focus; content improvement: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: total; right: 0; top: 0; } .u4fcc560906d1bc8d7fc372b928ecc839:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u4fcc560906d1bc8d 7fc372b928ecc839 .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u4fcc560906d1bc8d7fc372b928ecc839-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u4fcc560906d1bc8d7fc372b928ecc839:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: September 11 in International Relations Theory EssayThis youngster will walk right down, and you will convey her skis. Sick be around to ensure that nothing happens to her. It she is harmed, I have taken enough photos to have every one of you three captured and charged by the experts in ValPina (Kosinski 28). Levanter shows his that he helps at whatever point individuals are out of luck. This lady was additionally wonderful and frantic for help. Most likely enough, Levanter acted the hero and spared her from the 3 different skiers. Levanter isn't constantly brave. Levanter ventures ordinarily in the book. He goes to the U.K. furthermore, the United States. While in the United States, Levanter experiences a state-paid program, Youth Movement. Here Levanter meets Oscar, a multi year-old attacker. Levanter was the first to think about the twelve casualties that were assaulted by Oscar. Oscar cautiously shows the specialty of assaulting to Levanter who, at 15 years old, utilizes the method on some wonderful longhaired light in the forested areas. The subtleties in the section stunning and appalling. Word by word, Kosinski cautiously portrays the entire trial. Dismal excruciating, Levanter just alludes to her as Nameless. The storyteller Levanter and creator Kosinski review the life and passing of their common companion Woytek. The recollections are agonizing, an endeavor to safeguard in content and discharge from memory the butcher of Woytek Frykowski because of the Manson Family in 1969, says Paul Lilly, Jr. Kosinski utilizes Levanter to communicate the feelings he experienced. Extreme to manage, Levanter can't confront his torment. The demise of his companions was limitless to Levanter. He attempted to cause himself to accept that they had all kicked the bucket in an accident in a games vehicle or were covered in a house in one of the avalanches so normal in the territory (Kosinski 182). Without precedent for the novel, Levanter communicates profound affections for someone else. After the killings, Levanter is fretful and alone. Much the same as Levanter, Kosinski more likely than not felt crushed and irate. Levanter never talked about the occurrence to anyone and left it somewhere down in his brain, continually attempting to overlook the appalling day. The title of the novel conveys huge significance in the improvement of the story. Kosinski astutely picks the title to summarize, in two words, Levanters entire way of thinking of life. Joseph McLellan says: It is an admonition that, given the amazing extent of savagery in our general public, life is, best case scenario, unsure we probably won't live through the following second, our next arranged meet up, in a manner of speaking. Arranged meet up alludes to Levanters life: he has a Blind date with life. Levanter gets up every morning not knowing how the day will turnout. Levanter experiences life not knowing whom he will meet of where he will wind up before the day's over. In one occurrence, when Levanter was a youthful grown-up, his dad was sick and was hospitalized. Not knowing whether his dad was to live amazing, stood by every day for the telephone to ring on expression of his dads condition. One morning the telephone rang and Levanter was in his room stripped and his mom in the shower. As the telephone rang, not sufficient opportunity to dress, Levanter got up and hurried to the telephone. His mom, believing that Levanter was uninformed that the telephone was ringing, escaped the shower and hurried to the telephone. There, mother and child saw one another, bare. One thing prompted another and for a long time, they had a sexual relationship together. This was an ungainly second for Levanter and he saved his affections for her contained and set it behind his brain. Levanter experiences a few encounters throughout his life, all of which fabricate Levanters character. .u3236b7559bbe5864fae9

Exploring the Art of the Short Story Murakamis THE STRANGE LIBRARY

Exploring the Art of the Short Story Murakamis THE STRANGE LIBRARY On the day of a book club meeting with a few women I went to grad school with, our book pick, The Strange Library by Haruki Murakami, finally arrived on an inter-library loan. I figured I wouldn’t have time to read the whole thing, but I would try to get the gist of it within the hour I had before the meeting. I mean, I went to grad school, right? I sat down with my son at the kids table while he played with some puzzles and got started. As I foraged through the book, I couldn’t believe how fast it was moving. Was I really going to read this whole book in the library, with my kid occupied, right before I had to show up to talk about? Yes, I was. The first thing we discussed that night was the composition of the book. It was pretty and colorful. The front cover had an interesting flap. The story was so good that you almost didn’t need the pictures at all. What was this book? It felt like a short story, but I don’t think I’ve even seen one short story by itself as a book before. It wasn’t cheaply made either, so it was also an expensive single short story. Murakamis graphic story about a boy getting trapped in a creepy library basement is good enough to stand alone, though. We wondered what would have made Murakami put out a book like this. I thought back to a Junot Díaz essay on short stories. In “On My Way to the Novel, I Fell in Love with the Short Story,” he details his experience with the genre as an introduction for The Best American Short Stories 2016. Díaz argues that there’s something special about short stories because, “stories strike like life and end with its merciless abruptness as well… This form captures better than any other what it is to be humanâ€"the brevity of our moments, the cruel irrevocability when those times places and people we hold the most dear slip through our fingers.” What feels most abrupt about The Strange Library is the satisfaction of a single story. When you read from a book of short stories, you know another story is coming. Collections of short stories almost mimic that “deeply consoling” thing that Díaz describes novels as doing by lasting the length of a book. Murakami’s book seems to exaggerate “the brevity of our moments” by taking away the privilege o f the next story. When I finally got my hands on Leslie Nneka Arimah’s What It Means When a Man Falls from the Sky  soon after, I told myself that I would slow down and give each short story their own time, which is what, it seems, Murakami wants for his story. I wouldn’t rush through the book in a day or two, like I had been doing with novels lately. The standout stories for me were definitely “Windfalls,” “Wild,” and “Light.” Even in the middle of them I was consciously fearful that I was getting closer to the end. When they did end, I fantacized about each one being optioned for a book or movie. Díaz describes this jolted feeling: “Just as you’re settling into the world of a story, that’s usually when the narrative closes, ejecting you from its embrace, typically forever.” Even though I knew what was going to happenâ€"each story would end in ten or twenty pagesâ€"I was still a little upset about letting them go. I had a similar feeling when I read Alex Haley’s Roots or Yaa Gyasis  Homegoing   because I couldn’t stand to leave some of their characters behind, especially Kunta Kinte. It made sense why Haley and Gyasi would tear readers away from people  because of the context of slavery in their books, and in using the traditional short story device of “ejecting you from its embrace,” the human loss becomes palpable. In books of short stories, there’s less surprise about the fate of the stories, and yet the anticipation of loss adds another dimension to the experience of reading them. Then there’s the emptiness of having no new books to read. After Arimah’s book, I looked to my bookshelf for something I maybe hadn’t read yet or that I felt like rereading. My son’s dad dropped off a stack of hood books that he found in a box on the street a while ago. I thought of them as his so I never really touched them. I picked out Street Chronicles: Girls in the Game, a short story collection edited by Nikki Turner, and after just a few pages I couldn’t believe it had been sitting around my house all these months. The first story, “Crowning Miss Baby Mama” by Chunichi, is about a young woman’s experiences with motherhood, social climbing, and the prison industrial complex. It was so good that requested some of Chunichi’s books right after. It was like when you start watching a show that already has five seasons, so you don’t have to wait weeks or months in between episodes. Unlike reading a brand new collection of stories that I wanted to make last, these stories made me want to finish up and read more books by these writers. We talked a lot about whether short stories should be read one after another or not during our Murakami meeting. I think we all started agreeing that maybe there was something valuable about just reading one by itself. It challenges the discomfort that comes along with switching characters and plotlines immediately after each story, which keeps a lot of readers away from story collections. In reading a single short story, there’s a different type of discomfortâ€"one that forces you to accept that it’s alone. Sign up to Unusual Suspects to receive news and recommendations for mystery/thriller readers. Thank you for signing up! Keep an eye on your inbox.

Fast Food A Good Source Of Protein - 1450 Words

In America, the fast food industry is growing at an exponential rate, accumulating profits while at the same time creating jobs to flourish our economy. Advancements in technology with the couple of the downward spiraling economy have increased a demand in cheap food; such as fast-food industries offering unlimited refills of 24oz bottles of soda for merely .99 cents to scrumptious chicken sandwiches for a dollar! Many people may wonder what the harm is in having all this cheap delicious food. Chicken is supposed to be a good source of protein. People start to stuff these foods down their kids’ throats thinking everything will be okay, but many people these days are unaware of the truth that fast-food companies pay millions of dollars to hide. From the public eye there are so many people unaware of what they are consuming is doing to their bodies, organizations such as the France24 news channel are working towards increasing public and media awareness of the truth behind fast- food obesity. The visual context of the ads highlights a key point that the media portrays is only a small portion while there is so much more we aren’t exposed to, making the ads effective. Image A shows us how obesity and the fast food industry is portrayed from a media stand point, and Image B shows us the reality of obesity, however together they both pose as prime examples of the realness of obesity and its image in media. Image A consists of a large picture of an iceberg in the middle of theShow MoreRelatedA Brief Look at Potatoes892 Words   |  4 Pagestuberosum L.) is the fourth food most consumed worldwide, after rice, wheat and corn. 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How Have the Concepts of Popular Sovereignty, Rule of Law...

JOURNAL 1 The United State has been established based on the foundation ideas of Popular Sovereignty, Rule of Law, and Tolerance. Those ideas have become the strong pillars for our Founding Fathers to build a new society (Coaty 23) which vividly accounted in the U.S. Constitution. The questions arise, what are the Popular Sovereignty, Rule of Law, and Tolerance? Why those ideas have become so vital? The Popular Sovereignty means is a form of power that a nation state has over itself and its people. This was an idea that the government was created and sustained by the consent of its people, where the political power was mainly derived from. Rule of Law is the measure that used to shape the whole society under the certain order. Rule of†¦show more content†¦The original of the Constitution includes the 10 amendments that directly derived from the Bill of Right. Bill of Right is nature right of liberty and property that the ones country should have. The other amendments were adding in the process of maturation of political system. The Constitution is the living document that always can bend for any situation even though it was written for three hundred years. Right in the Preamble, the three words WE THE PEOPLE emphasized the ideal nation build for and by the people. It demonstrated the new experimental government in United States that came out successfully as today. This term gives everyone the collective right to involve the government that they choose to live under. Because of that the preamble became the statement of the motivation and promise to change the Articles of Confederation and forward the better society as if today. The Constitution also conveys the sense of equity even though there were a lot of discriminations back then. It gives every of its citizens the rights to choose their representative disregarding of their ethnicity, location. According to the Constitution, the separation of powers into three branches, which are legislative, executive, judicial branches, in order to guarantee the rights for the citizens of the United States. Three separated branches functional differently work together harmony under check and balanceShow MoreRelated The Evolving Nexus between Islam and Iran Essay5554 Words   |  23 Pagespre-Islamic roots and achievements; sentiments of nationalism are apparent throughout Iranian history and in the everyday conversations of Iranians. 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Should Blood-Sports Be Banned Free Essays

I say it’s time that all deliberate cruel killing of animals for â€Å"sport† be banned by law. There is no excuse for causing immense pain and suffering to these creatures just for the sheer heck of it†¦ for fun and games. Okay, I know animals are killed for meat†¦ but there’s a difference: the animals in that situation CAN be treated humanely right up to the moment they are killed instantly. We will write a custom essay sample on Should Blood-Sports Be Banned? or any similar topic only for you Order Now I’m not saying that’s an ideal situation. There are other objections to killing for meat but what concerns me in this posting is UNNECESSARY AND DELIBERATE CRUELTY TO ANIMALS FOR FUN. In Spain, bulls are tortured to death†¦ by being stabbed with lances and darts and then taunted by the â€Å"heroic† Matador who kills him with a sword. In Ireland, hares are captured and forced to act as bait for savage dogs at so-called coursing events. The animals are terrorised to amuse the spectators and many are mauled to death. Foxes are hunted with packs of hounds†¦ chased to exhaustion and then ripped to pieces, again for â€Å"fun†. Some nations or states allow cockfighting, dogfighting, badger baiting†¦ you name it. Anything you can think of that can inflict agonising pain and suffering on an animal is deemed â€Å"sport† by some set of people out there. Is shooting a cruel sport? It certainly is when the shot bird or animal, as often happens, is not killed by the bullet or pellets but just injured and left to die of its injuries. And there’s the question of how blood sport fans behave towards other human beings. In his book  Bad Hare Days, Irish animal protection campaigner and journalist John Fitzgerald highlights the violence and bullying to which opponents of organised cruelty to animals are subjected†¦ hey pay a high price for their compassion. In Ireland, campaigners have been severely assaulted, fired from their jobs for being against blood sports, and have suffered wrongful arrest at the hands of police who were leading members of hare coursing clubs. Fitzgerald addresses brilliantly the link between the violence and cruelty of blood sports and violence directed agai nst human beings, and makes a powerful case for banning blood sports both on the grounds of animal cruelty and the risk to human safety and wellbeing inherent in these â€Å"recreational cruelties†. I hope that someday recreational cruelty to animals IN ALL ITS SICKENING FORMS will be outlawed worldwide. I the meantime, I urge support for the campaign groups in various countries battling for the protection of animals from â€Å"Fun Cruelty†. However, there are some people who strongly disagree with my view, they feel that blood sports are a necessary part of life and should continue. Many rural communities would be devastated by a ban on hunting. In Britain figures from the Field Sports Society estimate, that hunting is worth ? 175 million to the economy with some 11,000 jobs depending on the hunting industry. Whilst these numbers might seem relatively small as a percentage of the workforce, the jobs are concentrated in a small number of areas across the country. Hunting is also an integral part of effective wildlife management and makes a positive contribution to the countryside in general. Only those animals that are edible or pests are hunted – and they would have to be killed anyway regardless of whether it was for sport or not. Hunting with dogs is not especially cruel as it is natural to many animals to be chased, and the adrenaline they experience limits their suffering. Hounds may rip a fox apart, but this only occurs after its death, which is usually very quick. In America, taxes collected from hunters are used to fund conservation work and monitor the number of animals that need to be killed each season. Evidence from America shows a strong positive correlation between increases in hunting and the numbers of game species, largely because hunting provides an incentive to protect land rather than manage it purely in the interests of agriculture. | To summarise, I personally am against blood sports and do feel quite strongly about my opinion. At the end of the day the test for whether beings should enjoy moral significance is their capacity to feel pain. Animals react in a way consistent with our understanding of what it is to be in pain – they scream and avoid the source of that pain. Research also shows that the pain sensing structures of animals’ nervous systems are similar to our own. A distinction cannot be made between animals and humans on grounds of intelligence since we don’t consider the new-born, senile or mentally impaired to be non-human. Therefore, both humans and animals should enjoy equal moral consideration. Any attempt to distinguish between animals and people is ‘speciesism’. To say that animals deserve less consideration simply because they are animals is analogous to claiming that women deserve inferior treatment by virtue of their sex. ‘The question is not, Can animals reason? Nor, Can they talk? But can they suffer’. (Vicki Hearn, What’s Wrong with Animal Rights? ) How to cite Should Blood-Sports Be Banned?, Essay examples

Nutrition Implications in Complex Disease Whole Grain Oat Cereal Lowers Serum Lipids Essay Example

Nutrition Implications in Complex Disease: Whole Grain Oat Cereal Lowers Serum Lipids Essay Coronary heart disease, CHD, has been predicted to persist as the major cause of high mortality rate for the coming decades. In line with this, the development of ischemic heart disease was attributed to the increasing level of low-density lipoprotein or LDL blood cholesterol. According to the National Cholesterol Education Program or NCNEP adult treatment panel, less than or equal to 5.17 millimole per liter (200 milligram per deciliter) is the ideal blood cholesterol level for individuals of age higher than 20 years while higher than 6.21 millimole per liter or 240 milligram per deciliter is risky. In connection to this, about twenty nine percent of adults older than 20 years in the United States have 6.21 millimoles per liter blood cholesterol. Meanwhile, researches have shown that consumption of dietary soluble fibers lowers blood cholesterol level as epidemiologic studies revealed that the CHD development can be alleviated by means of dietary fiber consumption. In fact, more tha n thirty researches that were submitted to the Food and Drug Administration of the United States by the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology Report validated the efficacy of soluble fiber consumption on blood cholesterol reduction. Clinical studies showed that soluble fibers from selected gums, psyllium, oat bran, pectin, and oats generally caused six percent to nineteen percent serum cholesterol reduction. Since the low cholesterol and low saturated fat diet has been employed in hypercholesterolemia medical therapy, this study aimed for the assessment of commercially available whole grain oat cereal, as employed with the step-one diet of the American Heart Association (AHA), in the reduction of blood cholesterol level. Methodology This study has enlisted fifty-seven participants from previous researches advocated by the Heart Disease Prevention Clinic. While forty-six of these participants have joined the intervention phase, only forty-three persevere and endured until the end. The participants have ages in between twenty-seven and sixty-eight years with 50th to 90th percentile range of cholesterol level based on age and gender adjustments. In the recruitment of participants, individuals with higher than 3.39 millimole per liter of triglycerides, a body weight thirty percent higher than ideal, has major surgery and myocardial infarction history, gastrointestinal illness, unstable angina or   heart failure was excluded form the enlistment. Also, those who were presently in taking up drugs for medication such as lipid-lowering agents, thiazides, antibiotics, estrogens, corticosteriods, and progesterones were excluded. In line with this, those who were taking ß-adregenic blockers needed to maintain the dosag e of such drug during the duration of the study for them to become eligible. Finally, twenty-one men and twenty-two women were successfully made into the phases of this study. We will write a custom essay sample on Nutrition Implications in Complex Disease: Whole Grain Oat Cereal Lowers Serum Lipids specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Nutrition Implications in Complex Disease: Whole Grain Oat Cereal Lowers Serum Lipids specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Nutrition Implications in Complex Disease: Whole Grain Oat Cereal Lowers Serum Lipids specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The phases of the intervention plan were four-week washed out stage, two-week baseline, and four-week treatment part. Throughout the intervention phases, the participants were required to maintain weight while consuming about ready-to-eat cereals twice daily within four weeks. In connection to this, all participants were mandated to abide with the AHA step-one diet design during the duration of the study. Meanwhile, physiological data such as weight, nutrient data, and lipid profiles of the participants were determined from zero to four-week baseline. Moreover, the nutrient data based on four-day food records were evaluated by the National Coordinating Center. In the intervention plan, pairing of participants was done based on gender and entry cholesterol data, whereas in each pair one was assigned to â€Å"Country Cornflakes† while the other has undergone the â€Å"Cheerios† diet. The former was the control cereal while the latter was the source of whole grain oat. Both of these cereal types were produced through cereal processing equipment and each were pre-packed into 42.5 grams upon distribution to the participant. This was done in order to hide the identity of the commercial cereals used in this study. In connection to this, the researchers also ensured which cereal type was assigned to whom and the participants’ adherence to the consumption design by personal interviews and visitation. Meanwhile, the participants’ clinical assessment, as approved by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, was done after twelve-hour and twenty-four fasts from food and alcoholic drinks respectively. In every visit, b lood pressure, lipid profile, pulse, and body weight were accurately measured. In relation to this, participants have undergone clinical screening such as urinalysis, blood count, electrocardiogram, and physical examination. The lipid content of the blood collected through sodium-potassium ethylenediamine tetraacetic was analyzed in the University of Minnesota’s laboratory for Lipid Research Core. The high-density lipoprotein or HDL cholesterol, total cholesterol, and triglycerides were determined. Also, very-low density lipoprotein or VLDL and LDL were precipitated; Friedewald formula was utilized for LDL calculation. Lastly, the cholesterol data of the participants before undergoing the treatment was statistically compared with their respective cholesterol data analyzed after the intervention phases by means of t-tests and analyses of covariance. Results and Discussion The participants in this study were equally divided into two groups; the control group received cornflakes food supply while the treatment group was fed on whole grain oat. Both groups have 51.6 years as average age of the participants. Although the baseline body weight of the treatment group was five kilogram lower as compared with that of the control group, the difference did not make statistics significance. As such, there was no significant difference on the body mass index or BMI, and the baseline and post-intervention phase blood pressure among the two groups. Further, personal interviews on the participants revealed that their smoking and alcohol drinking habits as well as regular exercise in either group was maintained throughout the study. Luckily, complete blood count and blood chemistry of the participants did not change significantly during the study period. In terms of fat consumption, the total intake of the treatment group was decreased non-significantly from 56.7 grams to 51.8 grams. Moreover, the average diet changes were 11.2 milligrams per deciliter and +4.1 milligrams per deciliter for the treatment group and the control group respectively. Similarly, among the two groups, there was no significant difference on the key nutrients before and after the duration of intervention phases. Except for soluble fiber, there were no other significant changes with respect to diet composition among the two groups. Meanwhile, whole-grain oat group incurred 3.8% and 5.4% changes on total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol respectively. As compare with the control group, the treatment group had a decreased of 4.4% in total cholesterol and 4.9% LDL cholesterol. Although, there was no significant difference in HDL cholesterol between the two groups, they had a 0.20 millimole per liter LDL cholesterol difference. The exact mechanism of the cholesterol reduction was still unclear. It was theorized that the viscosity of soluble fibers lessen the rate of chime transfer in the upper gastrointestinal tract that causes low absorption rates, less blood nutrients, and changes in hormonal responses to delimited nutrients. In their hamsters study, Gallaher, Hassel, and Lee associated the reduction of plasma and liver cholesterol to the increase in the viscosity of the intestinal contents. However, viscosity was deemed only as a crucial requirement for the reduction of serum cholesterol. In this connection, it was proposed that soluble fibers hinder bile activity lessening the absorption rate. This process obstructs enterohepatic circulation leading to fast conversion rate of cholesterol to bile acids. In addition, other compound constituent of the fibers may also promote this process. For instance, tocotrienol in rice bran, oats, and barley inhibits cholesterol synthesis. Furthermore, the soluble fiber fermentation produces chain fatty acids which in turn hinder cholesterol biosynthesis. Changes in Serum Cholesterol and Sterol Metabolites after Intake of Products Enriched with an Oat Bran Concentrate within a Controlled Diet Introduction The United States Food and Drug Administration or FDA, in 1997, approved the notion concerning soluble fiber consumption and coronary heart disease or CHD risk reduction. The serum cholesterol or S-cholesterol reduction was ascribed to the soluble fiber, (1-3),(1-4) ÃŽ ²-D-glucan or simply ÃŽ ²-glucan present in oats and whole oat flour. Based on clinical claims, the consumption of three grams of ÃŽ ²-glucan per day results to S-cholesterol lowering and CHD risk reduction. Meanwhile, the S-cholesterol lowering mechanism was theorized to depend largely on increased bile acid activity due to viscous ÃŽ ²-glucan which in turn induces cholesterol and bile acid biosyntheses. The rate of cholesterol and bile acid biosyntheses can be traced on through the ratio of lathosterol to cholesterol and the presence of 7-ÃŽ ±-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one, respectively. Thus, this study aimed to assess the S-lowering of oat bran concentrate or OBC food products incorporated in the low-saturated fat and low-cholesterol diet of hypercholesterolaemic patients. Also, the OBC effect on bile acid and cholesterol biosyntheses were examined. Methodology The recruitment of the respondents for this study was done through newspaper advertisement. Twenty-seven individuals were examined but only sixteen has passed the screening and participated in the study. The participants should have ages of 35-70 years and 50-70 years for men and women respectively. In addition, all participants should have less than six millimoles per liter S-cholesterol level. On the other hand, individuals with less than four millimoles per liter S-triacylglycerol or TG, hyperlipedaemia, less than 30 kilogram per meter square body mass index or BMI, and with cases diabetes mellitus, liver disease, thyroid problems or kidney trouble and those under hormonal therapy or cholesterol medication were excluded. Hence, the final participants were composed of seven women and nine men with average age of 57 years, 25.4 kilogram per meter square BMI, and 7.47 millimoles per liter S-cholesterol level. This study was a single-blind and randomized cross-over that lasted for two by three weeks with 2.5 weeks washout period. As such, the experimental group was supplemented with OBC of about 2.7 grams per day ÃŽ ²-glucan in their diet while the control group was told to maintain their typical diet. In relation to this, laboratory test such as fasting blood sampling and body weight recording were performed. The results of every clinical test were only revealed to the participants after the completion of the study. The American Heart Association recommended diet was utilized as computations of every participant’s daily food requirements and menu planning were facilitated by MATS computer program. Strict compliance with the diet was imposed through regular checking as amounts of sweet foods and drinks were regulated. For instance, maximum of 375 grams of wine or 660 milliliter of beer were only allowed per week. Additionally, participants were given copies of the foods they ate for the first week and told to stick to such as much as possible. Fasting blood sampling was done every morning as the blood samples were analyzed in terms of low density lipoprotein or LDL cholesterol, TG, and high density lipoprotein of HDL cholesterol, and S-cholesterol. Further, serum lathosterol and 7-ÃŽ ±-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one levels were determined through gas chromatography. Meanwhile, statistical treatments were done by means of MS Excel and SYSTAT package. Pearson’s correlation and t-test were employed for correlational analysis and paired comparison respectively. Results and Discussion As compared with the control group, the experimental group has incurred six percent S-cholesterol reduction based on five-gram ÃŽ ²-glucan daily diet. In fact, a significant correlation S-cholesterol baseline level and total S-cholesterol changes during diet period were observed. In addition, changes on the serum metabolites which reflected bile acid secretion and cholesterol biosynthesis were noted. Moreover, the solubility of ÃŽ ²-glucan in OBC was calculated and found only as 50%. Weight losses which denoted S-cholesterol reduction also were observed. Meanwhile, due to the delimited fat intake, HDL-cholesterol reduction was noted as TG level was decreases in some participants only. Correlational changes on lathosterol and S-cholesterol implied cholesterol biosynthesis after oat diet. This observation was attributed to increase in bile acid production that was mediated by ÃŽ ²-glucan which in turn caused reduction in bile acid reabsorption. This process triggered bile acid synthesi s through cholesterol from plasma pool by means of LDL-receptor. Yet, no significant change on serum lathosterol and 7-ÃŽ ±-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one levels observed on participants. High-Fiber Oat Cereal Compared with Wheat Cereal Consumption Favorably Alters LDL-Cholesterol Subclass and Particle Numbers in Middle-Aged and Older Men Introduction High in fiber diet, in parallel with low-fat intake and other dietary factors, has been associated with the reduction of cardiovascular disease or CVD risk. Based on the meta-analyses of a number of studies, ÃŽ ²-glucan soluble fibers in oat products lessened serum cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein or LDL-cholesterol. It was inferred then that the capability of soluble fibers for CVD risk reduction is in concurrence with its capacity in modifying lipoproteins and serum lipids. In a number of cases, individuals with normal profile of serum lipids developed CVD. Thus, a closer examination on blood lipids attributes may provide insights on the possible CVD risk development and modify the efficacy of intervention for the prevention of such risk. However, no research has been conducted with respect to the effects of cereal and soluble fibers on lipoprotein subclasses, and particle size and number. Also, none has reported on lipoprotein and lipid changes brought either by carbohydrat e, and cereal or oat diet. Hence, this study aimed to determine cereal or oat diet on plasma lipid indexes such as LDL particle number, and lipoprotein subclasses and particle diameter. Methodology Men selected for this study were in between 25-35 years of age and have 50-75 kilogram per meter square body mass index. Individuals with CVD, diabetes, abnormal blood pressure, smoking habits, thyroid gland or eating disorders, and those who currently in any medication and with high amount consumption of fibers were excluded. At last, 36 men were successfully passed then clinical requirements that were divided into two groups. Then, weight and bodily measurements were gauged initially and periodically during the study. Nonetheless, the participants, under the instruction of dietitian, recorded their food preparations and sizes in four-day food intake. In connection to this, records of food intake were analyzed through Food Intake Analysis System or FIAS. Meanwhile, participants’ blood samples were taken before and after the twelve-week intervention. By means of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy or NMR, the concentrations and particle size of blood lipids and lipoprotein s were assessed. Further, the insulin-augmented frequently sampled intravenous-glucose-tolerance test or IVGTT was applied to participants. For statistical treatments, Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality tests were employed prior to analysis of variance done through SPSS package. Also, analysis of covariance was performed for body weight changes and macronutrient intake. Nonetheless, t-tests were utilized to examine lipoprotein and lipid response differences. Results and Discussion Based on the results of this study, two large oat servings added to the regular diet of the participants, lowered small, dense LDL and LDL particle concentrations. In addition, in spite of the carbohydrate intake elevation and saturated-fat intake lowering, the concentration of triacylglycerol did not significantly increase for high-fiber oat group. In contrast, it was reported that triacylglcerol in blood increases along with the changes in lipoprotein and lipids in individuals who fed on wheat cereal with high carbohydrate intake and low-fat diet. Meanwhile, the association between triacylglycerol elevation and CVD risk development was linked on the changes in the composition of LDL and high-density lipoprotein or HDL cholesterol. In relation to this, the substitution of triacylglycerol by cholesterol esters in lipoproteins results to accumulation of triacylglycerols in HDL and LDL which in turn serve as reactant in hepatic triacylglycerol lipase. Then, the removal of triacylglycer ol leads to particle size decreased and density increased. Hence, in this study, the decrease in plasma tiaclyglycerol resulted to increase in LDL particle size for oat group but not with wheat cereal group. Analysis and Conclusion From the abovementioned studies, it was statistically proven that supplementation of oat cereals to the controlled diet of hypercholesterolemia patients caused blood lipids and HDL reductions. Further, oat meal diet results to LDL-particle size decreased and particle number increased which is beneficial in the part of hypercholesterolemia patients. On the other hand, it was theorized that the viscosity of soluble fibers lessen the rate of chime transfer in the upper gastrointestinal tract that causes low absorption rates, less blood nutrients, and changes in hormonal responses to delimited nutrients (Reynolds, Quiter, and Hunninghake, 2000). This process obstructs enterohepatic circulation leading to fast conversion rate of cholesterol to bile acids (Reynolds, Quiter, and Hunninghake, 2000). Thus, the increase in bile acid production as mediated by ÃŽ ²-glucan caused reduction in bile acid reabsorption (Davy, Davy, Ho, Beske, Davrath, and Melby, 2002). This process triggered bile aci d synthesis through cholesterol from plasma pool by means of LDL-receptor (Davy, Davy, Ho, Beske, Davrath, and Melby, 2002). As a consequence, the substitution of triacylglycerol by cholesterol esters in lipoproteins results to accumulation of triacylglycerols in HDL and LDL which in turn serve as reactant in hepatic triacylglycerol lipase. Then, the removal of triacylglycerol leads to particle size decreased and density increased (Davy, Davy, Ho, Beske, Davrath, and Melby, 2002). Nonetheless, other compound constituent of the fibers may also promote this process. For instance, tocotrienol in rice bran, oats, and barley inhibits cholesterol synthesis. Moreover, the soluble fiber fermentation produces chain fatty acids which in turn hinder cholesterol biosynthesis (Reynolds, Quiter, and Hunninghake, 2000). With these reasons, the research question â€Å"What is the effect of a diet high in dietary fiber and how does it decrease LDL cholesterol and serum lipids?† was plausibly answered.

Distributed Energy Production Essays

Distributed Energy Production Essays Distributed Energy Production Essay Distributed Energy Production Essay Distributed Energy Production Name: Course: Date: Distributed Energy Production Abstract This report reviews the costs associated with the use of green energy sources. In particular, it focuses on the use of solar and wind power. The report explains the methods used in the research as well as the results obtained after the research was concluded. From these results, several conclusions are made based on the viability of the sources of energy financially, economically and socially. The laws of the areas under investigation has also been included especially those that directly affect the use of both wind and solar powered energy. The opinions of the citizens relating to the installation of green energy in the area under study have also been raised. From this report, the viability of the green energy campaign has been evaluated and reported based on the area under study, which was in the state of Virginia. Distributed Energy Production 1. Introduction This report analyzes the importance of the utilization of green power. Green power refers to the use of renewable sources of energy as opposed to the non-renewable sources. Renewable sources include the likes of wind power and sunlight. They are essential in the conservation of the environment since they are renewable. This project was initiated to investigate the economic practicality and feasibility of the project in residential estates for example. Practicality will be considered by evaluation of the cost of the green energy. Feasibility on the other hand will address how dependable the use of green energy is in the residential area in question. The report identifies possible methods of how the use of green energy may be used in the area in question, Virginia. 2. Materials and Methods For this project, the materials required were an electric bill from the area under study and an estimate of the cost of the installation of the green energy in the area. This cost estimate obtained will be compared with that of green energy. The calculations done were non-biased in order to minimize the sources of error in the results obtained. Subsequent work took place in the laboratory since most of it involved calculations. These calculations had to be done correctly in order to endure that the results obtained were as accurate as possible to determine the economic viability of the project. They required the determination of the cost for 100% replacement of the energy use in the area under study. 3. Results a) Table representing the electrical usage of the residential site under study in Virginia MonthkWhOct 20111702Nov 20111830Dec 20112306Jan 20122482Feb 20122148Mar 20121740May 20121566Jun 20121699Jul 20121924Aug 20122711Sept 20122677Oct 20121983 b) The total cost for this period illustrated above was $191.64 c) Total cost of replacement of energy use by wind energy The approximate wind energy used was between 15-20 mph. The results will be based on the maximum and minimum values acquired after the calculation. I. Wind Turbine Power attained by the use of the 20 mph wind speed provided yearly= 15298 KWH Amount of power provided in percentage= 716 % Approximate amount of savings per annum=$ 2447.68 II. Wind Turbine Power attained by the use of the 15 mph wind speed provided yearly= 6454 KWH. Amount of power provided per annum= 302% Approximate savings made per year= $1032. 00 III. Total cost of the installation of the wind Turbine Power System in the area under study= $13, 750.00 c) Total cost of replacement using solar energy For solar energy, it was assumed that there was 3days storage to cater for the possibility of the occurrence of cloudy days. Panel battery calculations per household based on the 3800 watt daily usage= 10 solar panels. Cost of a single solar panel= $150.00 Total cost of installation of solar panels=$1500 Total savings obtained with this installation= $2500.00 Total cost of installation in a residential area of about ten families= $15, 000 Economic incentives that may affect the selection of either option include the reliability of the source of energy and the feasibility of the source of energy to the selected area. In the case of reliability, it will have a substantial effect on the economic situation of the area in question. If the source of energy is unreliable, the productivity of the businesses in the area will be affected as well. On the other hand, the feasibility of the installation of the source of energy refers to how appropriate the energy source is to the area in question. If the installation is not strenuous to the locality, it is feasible. Feasibility of the system is critical to the development of the town and the running of the area in question. The above economic incentives influence the selection process greatly. 4. Discussion From the results obtained, the use of green energy is economically viable since it is affordable even without the provision of government incentives. Conservation strategies like the use of appliances that consume less power may be used in order to decrease the amount of electricity in demand in both administrative and residential areas. In the state if Virginia, the installation of wind turbines is prohibited (Musgrove, 2010). In order to change this, the zoning policies will need to be reviewed to include the installation of the wind turbines. Some localities have decided to modify the laws in their areas of residence to allow the use of green energy. Such localities include Missouri and Texas (Douglas et al, 2009). The public considers wind energy beneficial in the conservation of the environment but the greater majority considers it unreliable. Installation of solar panels is allowed in the state of Virginia. Solar energy is assumed more feasible and reliable than wind energy by the residents of Virginia (Parks, 2010). An impediment to small-scale power generation is the cost that is associated with it. Power generation is very expensive since it requires the acquisition of new machinery that is costly. Distributed, on-site generation of solar or wind power will not be economically, legally and socially acceptable to the majority of the people in the area under study. This is mostly because of their reliability. These sources of energy are not reliable when compared to the power generated by fossil fuel. For this reason, the installation of these green sources of energy in the area in question will be faced with a lot of opposition especially from the business people in the area.

5 Situations When You DONT Need to Use the Services of Expert Writers

5 Situations When You DONT Need to Use the Services of Expert Writers 5 Situations When You DONT Need to Use the Services of Expert Writers Many students turn to the use of expert writers to seek help when they are busy or overwhelmed with writing assignments. And while expert writers are great to have on hand, especially for those more challenging situations, there are still times when hiring expert writers is not necessarily what you should do. Sometimes, you might be overwhelmed with your homework and you are just unable to complete all of your tasks. Often in these cases you might ask a custom writing service to provide you with a model paper so that you can use it as an example. But sometimes it becomes a habit, and it can become a bad one. It is for this reason that it is important to learn how to tell the difference between times when you need to order a model paper and times that you are merely falling victim to your laziness or procrastination. You do not need to services of expert writers when your paper is due within the span of several months. In cases like these you have plenty of time to conduct the necessary research, draft your outline, and write the paper. You need not bother with a model paper in such cases. You also do not need to rely upon the services of expert writers when your assignment is something designed to help you develop a new set of skills which you currently do not have. In cases like these you need to complete the task yourself as a matter of learning. You need to really push yourself in order to gain that knowledge, often because the knowledge or skillset you are gaining is something upon which you will expound for the next lesson. You really do not want to miss out on a key aspect of learning. When your professor sets extraordinary requirements it is important to avoid using a model paper. The reason for this is that a model paper might have different structure from the one required and if you do not follow the rules laid out by your professor it can end badly. Additionally, when an essay deals with the topic important for the whole subject you are writing your paper for, you should avoid working with a model paper because this means you need to plunge into it by yourself. When you know you can write it yourself but you are too lazy to do it, you should avoid hiring an expert. If you were to start writing the paper the moment you began making up excuses for why you don’t want to do it, you would be halfway done before you realized anything. Overall, there are times when the use of expert writers is ideal and a model paper can be used to help you write your paper. However, there are other times when you must avoid succumbing to the habit of using a model paper and instead overcome your laziness or procrastination so as to write a great paper.

Look into descripton Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Look into descripton - Essay Example Being a member of the minority, the non-Muslim group, had motivated me to use my skills and knowledge to help others cope with similar personal, environmental and social challenges. Now, as an adult I want to be of service for people who have difficulty expressing themselves when the opposition's voice is too loud, I want to devote my time helping those who can't help themselves. During university, I became a tutor and teacher's assistant for the opportunity to help students cope with the changes that entering university usually causes. My dedication to my job and in helping others was not unrecognized by my peers and superiors; as such I received several appreciation awards. In the future, I still see myself devoting more and more of my time educating people on how to help themselves. A Ph.D. from the JFK University will surely help me achieve this personal goal. As a Ph.D. student, I will be given the opportunity to explore and research human behavior extensively. This opportunity can help me hone my skills in dealing with people, specifically those underprivileged. The environment of my childhood and adolescence had instilled in me a strong passion for achievement. As a non-Muslim in Iran, I pushed myself to do better.

Islamic Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Islamic Finance - Essay Example Agency cost is referred to internal cost of a company, which arises due to conflict of interest between the management and shareholders. The shareholders expect that the management should run the company in such a manner that it increases the shareholder’s value. However, it is observed that the management concentrates on maximizing the wealth of the company and does not take into consideration the interest of the shareholders. This creates a difference between the management and stakeholders. The same problem was observed in the Islamic banks; though the PLS system aimed at increasing the wealth of the investors but it failed to fulfil the expectation of the shareholders (Dar and Presley, 2000). The main rule of PLS system is that the banks provides part of its profit, obtained from investment, to the investor instead of interest. As a result, if the banks fail to earn any profit on the investments, the investors do not get any bonus (Dar and Presley, 2000). The same situation is observed when the company is small to afford high profit and even earn a considerable amount. If a new company invests in the bank, it has the right to earn the profit but the scheme had already dried up the earnings of the financial institutions. This indicates that the company as an investor is not at all profitable and the banks have failed to implement PLS appropriately. This has created misunderstanding between the management of the banks and the investors (small companies) as the payment under this scheme cannot be taken as granted (Abduh and Omah, 2012). When the banks failed to offer higher return on the scheme such as Murabaha financing despite good performance, it is subject to elements of uncertainty. These uncertainties are vague demand for goods and services, business environment that surrounds the world. Moreover, the banks are seen to suppress the profit as the

Development of Learning Objectives Through Reflection

Development of Learning Objectives Through Reflection The Williams report is based around educational best practice to enable young learners to acquire an understanding and appreciation of mathematics and its importance to their lives. The foremost concern, drawn from Ofsted and the Primary National Strategy findings is the need to strengthen teaching that challenges and enables children to use and apply mathematics more often, and more effectively (Williams: 2008 para.223) Reflecting on my practice will enable me to recognise my strengths, development needs and improve my practice to benefit all learners. Petty says: Effective teachers are always changing what they do; this is because they are continually learning how to teacher better. (2009: 520) Activating prior learning by constructing links, good planning and the conditions of the classroom can contribute to the effective opening of a lesson. Walker Tileston: Unless connections are made to their prior learning, comprehension and meaning may be dramatically lessened. (2004: 21). Therefore I ensured I revisited previous learning by looking at the way children approach word problems through reading the problem, highlighting the key words/numbers and choosing the appropriate operation before solving it. I then ensured they had chance to apply their skills to some word problems so I could assess their understanding and they could test their knowledge. When children gave correct answers during the mental/oral, I constantly praised them to build their self-esteem and confidence. Fontana says using praise and encouragement has a vital role to play in keeping children involved and interested in their work, and in helping them to build upon current achievements by raising their conf idence and their belief in their own abilities. (1985: 80) Giving children word problems to solve is an important aspect of mathematics because it is an opportunity for them to use their knowledge of operations/ mathematical vocabulary and apply it to real life problems. Bottle says: Giving children a real context for their problem solving gives them the best opportunity to become fluent in using mathematical skills and procedures. (2005: 33) After the mental/oral starter I ensured the learning objectives and success criteria were visible and shared with the children, so they could see what they were learning and what they had to do to be successful. I then asked questions on what methods the children used for addition and subtraction, which gave them a chance to actively participate and broaden their mathematical knowledge. The NNS says: Through a process of regular explanation and discussion of their own and other peoples methods they will begin to acquire a repertoire of mental calculation strategies. (1999: 7) I continued to ask questions throughout the lesson to enable me to assess childrens understanding, assessing common mistakes, analysing their methods and explore their language and vocabulary. Claxton says good learning starts with questions, not answers. (1990: 78) I ensured I was asking open ended questions in the main activity and plenary because I wanted to find out more about pupils understanding and to use their ideas to focus discussion about concepts. Kyriacou says that open and higher-order questions are more intellectually demanding and stimulating. (1995: 38) However during the mental/oral I tended to ask closed questions to keep the pace flowing. I tried to ensure I was giving the children thinking time after each question so they did not feel under pressure. Harries and Spooner say: Being asked to respond at speed is identified as a source of great anxiety. (2000: 36) This is why I decided to give the children number fans to show their answer, so they did not feel put on the spot. However I may have given them too long to answer as the rest of the class lost focus slightly. One strategy I could have used to avoid this was to ask a child a question, give them time to think about an answer, then ask other children in the class questions before returning to the pupil who had been given time for a response. This also would have enabled me to keep the pace flowing and help everyone reach their potential. I had to try and keep the pace of my whole class teaching at the correct level, as the class has a wide variety of learners with different abilities, therefore going too fast could cause the lower ability pupils to become lost and going too slow could mean the higher ability pupils are not being challenged. Wajnryb says: Students whose learning pace is faster than the pace of the lesson are prone to becoming bored, losing motivation and tuning out of the lesson. (1992: 118) When I introduced the new topic of adding or subtracting multiples of ten I could have given the children time to discuss the methods they might use in groups beforehand. This would have given them the confidence to participate more when I gave them questions to answer. Brown says: The opportunity for children to discuss ideas and express their own opinions is crucial. (1998, 43) Additionally during the questioning I only asked the children who had their hands up for the answers, rather than asking other children to see if they all understood. I could have provided more opportunities for student participation by getting them to write an answer and present it back to the class, which would encourage every child to use mental calculation. The NNS says An ability to calculate mentally lies at the heart of numeracy. (1999: 6) Giving the children mental calculations also contributes to the development of better problem-solving skills and gives them a sense of real life, as Thompson says: Most calculations in real life are done in the head rather than on paper. (2010: 163) The whole group teaching was beneficial as it enabled me to see the capabilities of all those in the class and adapt my practice accordingly. I organised the pupils on the carpet, to ensure everyone could see and so I could monitor behaviour, it also enabled me to notice changes in their posture and facial expressions, giving me clues about their understanding. Whole class teaching also meant I could interest the children in the subject they were covering rather than trying to stimulate their interest individually. Dean says: An important part of the teachers role is to stimulate and interest children in whatever is to be learned. This is a valuable part of working with the whole class (2001: 62) Before I sent the children to their tables to undertake their written activities, I ensured I explained and showed the children what I expected them to do, which aided their understanding. Teachers need to know the extent of their childrens mathematical abilities in order to set appropriate activities, so as this was my first maths session I had to ask the class teacher to help me with this. OBrien and Guiney believe planning towards differentiation is imperative and should be seen as integral to learningIt is a concept that has to be seen in an inclusive way, applying to everyone. (2001: ix) Therefore although children had the same learning objective, they recorded their answers in different ways. The lower ability pupils had to colour in the requested numbers on a number square, where as the other children had to write the numbers, which tested all children whilst allowing them to work at their own pace. When the children applied their mathematics on their tables I ensured myself a nd the LSA worked with different groups in different sessions, so all children did not become too reliant on support and have the opportunity to work independently. Ball agrees saying you have a choice between killing your pupils interest and giving them a taste for independent thinking. (2002: 17) The activities the children were completing all involved adding and subtracting multiples of ten, however children had completed addition problems first so assumed the whole activity contained addition problems. Briggs and Davis say: Here the child immediately sees something familiar within the task and assumptions about the level of attention needed to complete the task. (2008: 47) In future I will inform the children that there is a variety of symbols within their work so they need to read the number sentence before working out the answer. Giving children a number square to use, however, did assist them with their learning as they could visually picture the numbers and see what they had to do to get the answer. The higher ability pupils struggled with partitioning numbers, so they resorted back to the more familiar method of counting on or back to the required numbers. Although they did not use the required method, they still referred back to their previous knowledge and applied it to their work. Mooney et al say children tend to use those that they have confidence with, which are likely to be earlier strategies that pupils revert to if not clear about new ways of working. (2009: 15) Ofsted (2001) believe that the plenary session is the least successful part of the daily mathematics lesson. Therefore I wanted to ensure my plenary was not occupied by tidying up and that it did not become a reporting-back session for the children I had not worked with. This is why I set up a challenge of matching questions to the relevant answer, which would enable me to see what the children had learned or were struggling with. You have to demonstrate that you enjoy teaching, then challenge and assist children by engaging them with well-paced differentiation and thinking rationally about their needs, before being able to take positive action to increase their quality of learning. I am hoping that as they master information and skills, they not only learn more content, but will also become more able and motivated to take responsibility for their own learning. I am also hoping that I can develop a wider range of skills, and the knowledge of when to use them.

Cast System in india

History of the Indian caste system From Wikipedia, the tree encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search Indian society has consisted of thousands of endogamous clans and groups called latis since ancient times. The Brahmlnlcal scriptures and texts tried to bring this diversity under a comprehensible scheme which hypothesised four Idealised meta groups called varna.The first mention of the formal varna Indian caste system Is in the famous Purusha Sukta of the Rigveda, although it is the only mention in the entire body of the Vedas and has been decried as a much later, non-Vedic insertion y numerous Indologists like Max M?ller and also by Ambedkar. [citation needed] Contents 1 Hindu scriptures 2 Emergence of rigid caste structures 2. Mobility across the castes 3 Reform movements 4 Reterences 5 External links Hindu scriptures In the Vedic period, there also seems to have been no dlscrlmlnatlon against the Shudras on the Issue of hearing the sacred words of the Vedas and fully participating in all religious rituals, something which became progressively restricted in the later citation needed] Manusmriti, dated between 200 BCE and 100 CE, ontains some laws that codified the caste system. The Manu Smriti belongs to a class of books that are geared towards ethics, morals. nd social conduct – not spirituality or religion. Emergence of rigid caste structures In its later stages, the caste system is said to have become rigid, and caste began to be inherited rather than acquired by merit. In the past, members of dfferent castes would not partake in various activities, such as dining and religious gatherings, together. In addition, the performance of religious rites and rituals were restricted to Brahmins, who were the designated priesthood. Mobility across the castes The view ot the caste system as â€Å"static and unchanging† has been disputed by many scholars.For Instance, sociologists such as Bernard Buber and Marriott McKlm describe how the perception of th e caste system as a static and textual stratification has given way to the perception of the caste system as a more processual, empirical and contextual stratification. Other sociologists such as Y. B Damle have applied theoretical models to explain mobility and flexibility in the caste system in India. [2] According to these scholars, groups of lower-caste individuals could seek to elevate the status of their caste by attempting to emulate the practices of higher castes.Some scholars believe that the relative ranking of other castes was fluid or differed from one place to another prior to the arrival of the British. [3] According to some psychologists, mobility across broad caste lines may have been â€Å"minimal†, though sub-castes (Jatis) may change their social status over the generations by fission, re- the question of rigidity in Caste. In an ethnographic study of the Coorgs of Karnataka, e observed considerable flexibility and mobility in their caste hierarchies. [5][6 ] He asserts that the caste system is far from a rigid system in which the position of each component caste is fixed for all time.Movement has always been possible, and especially in the middle regions of the hierarchy. It was always possible for groups born into a lower caste to â€Å"rise to a higher position by adopting vegetarianism and teetotalism† i. e. adopt the customs of the higher castes. While theoretically â€Å"forbidden†, the process was not uncommon in practice. The concept of anskritization, or the adoption of upper-caste norms by the lower castes, addressed the actual complexity and fluidity of caste relations. Historical examples of mobility in the Indian Caste System among Hindus have been researched.There is also precedent of certain Shudra families within the temples of the Shrivaishava sect in South India elevating their caste. [2] Reform movements There have been cases of upper caste Hindus warming to the Dalits and Hindu priests, demoted to outc aste ranks, who continued practising the religion. An example of the latter was Dnyaneshwar, who was excommunicated from society in he 13th century, but continued to compose the Dnyaneshwari, a Dharmic commentary on the Bhagavad Gita. Other excommunicated Brahmins, such as Eknath, fought for the rights of untouchables during the Bhakti period.Historical examples of Dalit priests include Chokhamela in the 14th century, who was India's first recorded Dalit poet, Raidas, born into Dalit cobblers, and others. The 1 5th- century saint Ramananda also accepted all castes, including untouchables, into his fold. Most of these saints subscribed to the Bhakti movements in Hinduism during he medieval period that rejected casteism. Nandanar, a low-caste Hindu cleric, also rejected casteism and accepted Dalits. [7] In the 19th century, the Brahmo SamaJ under Raja Ram Mohan Roy, actively campaigned against untouchability.The Arya SamaJ founded by Swami Dayanand also renounced discrimination agains t Dalits. Sri Ramakrishna Paramahamsa founded the Ramakrishna Mission that participated in the emancipation of Dalits. Upper caste Hindus, such as Mannathu Padmanabhan also participated in movements to abolish Untouchability against Dalits, opening his amily temple for Dalits to worship. While there always have been places for Dalits to worship, the first â€Å"upper-caste† temple to openly welcome Dalits into their fold was the Laxminarayan Temple in Wardha in the year 1928 (the move was spearheaded by reformer Jamnalal Baja]).Also, the Satnami movement was founded by Guru Ghasidas, a Dalit himself. Other reformers, such as Mahatma Jyotirao Phule also worked for the emancipation of Dalits. Another example of Dalit emancipation was the Temple Entry Proclamation issued by the last Maharaja of Travancore in the Indian state of Kerala in the year 1936. The Maharaja proclaimed that â€Å"outcastes should not be denied the consolations and the solace of the Hindu faith†. Ev en today, the Sri Padmanabhaswamy temple that first welcomed Dalits in the state of Kerala is revered by the Dalit Hindu community.The 1930s saw key struggles between Mahatma Gandhi and B. R. Ambedkar, most notably over whether Dalits would have separate electorates or Joint electorates with reserved seats. The Indian National Congress was the only national organisation with a large Dalit following, but Gandhi nalysis of Untouchability, but lacked a workable political strategy: his conversion to Buddhism in 1956, along with millions of followers, highlighted the failure of his political endeavours. 8] India's first Prime Minister, Jawaharlal Nehru, based on his own relationship with Dalit reformer Ambedkar, also spread information about the dire need to eradicate untouchability for the benefit of the Dalit community. In addition, other Hindu groups have reached out to the Dalit community in an effort to reconcile with them, with productive results.

What Is Literature Essay - 1778 Words

Since the 18th century, the definition of the concept literature has become a problematic and a controversial issue among various literary schools. What is literature? What are the qualities that distinguish a literary text from a non-literary one? Does literature have any particular function in society? These are some crucial questions whose answers were supposed to limit and define the scope of literature. However, various literary and critical schools have advanced different and contradictory responses to these same questions, which have consequently led to a failure in producing an authoritatively established definition of literature. This failure can be ascribed to many reasons, but because the length of the paper doesnt†¦show more content†¦This new sense, which was ascribed to the development of printing, was a specialization Â… to the printed word and especially the printed books with certain quality [imaginative works] (Williams, 46). To elaborate on this definition, R. Wellek and A. Warren have stated that in all of them [the printed books with certain quality], the reference is to the world of fiction, of imagination (Wellek and Warren, Theory of Literature, 25). However, a simple review of the history of prose narrative forms would show that this definition of literature as a category of fictional and imaginative writings is irrelevant. Many writings which were written as anthropological documentaries were making use of fiction, while many other fictional works were given the status of documentary and factual writings. All travelogue writings and western historiography between the middle ages and the twentieth century are good examples to illustrate this point. Works like T.E. Lawrences Seven Pillars of Wisdom, W.M. Thackerays From Cornhill to Cairo, Kingslakes Eothen, and Sir Thomas Mores Utopia made use of both fact and fiction. Moreover, at the time of their appearance, most of these works were conceived of by the western audience as factual and documentary writings. Later on, due to some historical and political changes in the world, these writings became conceived of as fictional and imaginary works.Show MoreRelatedWhat Is Literature Es say689 Words   |  3 Pages12:00 What is Literature? Poems, novels, and stories; these are some of the things that first came to my mind upon pondering on the question What is Literature?. And just lately I have known that literature also includes songs, speeches, plays, and many others in written and spoken forms. I have also known that things that are produced out of creative imagination can be referred as literary works which are the ones that comprise literature. Considering this description of what literature is, theRead MoreWhat Is Literature Review?3725 Words   |  15 Pages 4. What is literature review? 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