Motivation and its centrality to successful business...

Motivation and its centrality to successful business practice Motivation Motivation is a key factor when managing any business. Motivation is important for a high productivity level. Productivity measures the relationship between the inputs into the business and the resulting output: There are several ways of measuring productivity: * Output per worker * Output per hour / day / week * Output per machine (if the business includes machinery). Unit costs divide the total costs by the number of units produced Unit costs = Total Costs / Units of output Stock levels A business will usually set itself a level of finished goods that it should receive. This is designed to satisfy the demand expected by the†¦show more content†¦When a company works in a production line they allow the mass production of consumer goods. Every job on a production line is simple and repetitive, and requires little training for the worker. Only basic needs would be met – pay, a job, a safe working environment. An employee though has the threat of losing their job which can easily be replaced. There are a number of advantages and disadvantages of working in a large organization. Here are some of them: Advantages: 1. More opportunities for promotion and career development. 2. More opportunities to take responsibility and make decisions when higher up the organisation. 3. Higher wages and bonuses for some workers if the company is successful. 4. More people to meet and make friends with 5. Company pension schemes and better health and safety schemes. Disadvantages: 1. Many workers will have low skilled and poorly paid jobs. 2. Less job security if the company is unsuccessful. 3. Close supervision over what workers are doing. 4. Production line jobs are boring and repetitive. 5. Poor communication and relations between workforce and management. Many people have wondered what people like and dislike about their job, Frederick Herzberg carried out some research during the 1960s to find out people’s opinions about their jobs. He took a sample of people at different levels in different jobs and asked them two questions: 1) What is itShow MoreRelatedBechmarking: Riordan Essay1138 Words   |  5 Pagesintends to discover the best practices of companies that have solved issues comparable to Riordan Manufacturings concerns. Its the best way to find solutions involving companies in the same industry, and then finding solutions to similar issues faced by companies in other industries. General Motors and Verizon are companies that have faced decreased sales and employee concerns over employee reward issues. In Riordan Manufacturing case, they have developed a new business strategy and provide newRead MoreGi s New Belief System1717 Words   |  7 Pagesbe encapsulated in the values that are recommended. The values of Inte grity, Collaboration, Accountability, Excellence, and Service are the set of definitions that are leaders across the business can not only communicate but also reinforce systematically to provide a basis purpose and directions for the GI Business (Simons 1995). These new values set out a guide to the desired culture the GI need and what is expected from all our teams and link very well to the position strategy. However the alignmentRead MoreThe Sources Of Personal And Positional Power2007 Words   |  9 Pagesmembers of the organization do not possess. Being categorized as an expert in a chosen field of business reflects one’s work-related knowledge and past established capabilities. Expert knowledge is considered trustworthy information, the person in possession of such knowledge can easily acquire power. A strong foundation of expertise has also been seen as the ascending â€Å"coin of the realm† in business and that what you can do technically is the key to wha t you can become organizationally (WhettenRead MoreHRM and the Changing Nature of Organizations2235 Words   |  9 Pagesï » ¿ ABSTRACT Organizations are exposed to the challenges and opportunities posed by the increasing change and complexities in the business environment. The emergence of globalization, technical advancements, telecommunications revolution, growth of knowledge based workforce and intense competition; mandate the transformation of Human Resource Management (HRM) in organizations. It is necessary for the management to invest considerable time and amount, to learn the changing scenario of the HR departmentRead MoreThe Rogerian School of Thought1093 Words   |  5 Pagesnon-directive and based on forging a strong client-coach relationship. The coach will combine active listening, empathic reflection, paraphrasing, and targeted restatements, to shape the process. This technique is indispensable in attaining a successful coaching outcome (Nelson, 2010). Clients will overcome their current perspective and discover new or additional options in goal achievement. Client-based or Rogerian therapy relies mainly on the client to act as the catalyst for their own behaviorRead MoreOrganizational Structure For Improving Hrm Effectiveness1978 Words   |  8 PagesFunctional The practical hierarchical structure sorts out the exercises of a business around zones of specialization. For instance, there may be an advertising division that concentrates singularly on promoting exercises, a business office that just takes part in deals exercises, and a designing office that just outlines items and assembling offices. This methodology includes a lot of procedure institutionalization inside a business, with the genuine choice making power focused at the highest point of theRead MoreHow Transformational Leadership Can Help Chinese Family Company And State Owner Company Be More Successful?2097 Words   |  9 Pages To what extend does the transformational leadership can help Chinese family company and state owner company be more successful? Introduction; () means citation As will know that the leadership has been study for long time, and it is well documented that can be seen as a vital skill for leader. The leadership theory has been proved that can be leaned by leader, in order to develop their leadership level. () the first theory what is to be studiedRead MoreDick Spencer Case Study2406 Words   |  10 Pageswell as provide recommendations on how he could have been more successful as a manager. Dick Spencer experienced great success very early in his sales career. His outgoing, likable personality could have factored into that success. High levels of openness to experience are associated with curiosity and a willingness to entertain new ideas and experiences (Barrick Mount, 1991). Those with high levels of openness to experience and motivation will be more likely to utilize their abilities to obtain initialRead MoreDick Spencer Case Study2397 Words   |  10 Pageswell as provide recommendations on how he could have been more successful as a manager. Dick Spencer experienced great success very early in his sales career. His outgoing, likable personality could have factored into that success. High levels of openness to experience are associated with curiosity and a willingness to entertain new ideas and experiences (Barrick Mount, 1991). Those with high levels of openness to experience and motivation will be more likely to utilize their abilities to obtain initialRead MoreLeadership and Followership3976 Words   |  16 Pagesfollowers who tag along mindlessly are altogether different from those who are deeply devoted. In reality, the distinctions among followers in groups and organizations are every bit as consequential as those among leaders. This is particularly true in business: In an era of flatter, networked organizations and cross-cutting teams of knowledge workers, it’s not always obvious who exactly is following (or, for that matter, who exactly is leading) and how they are going about it. Reporting relationships are

Fate vs. Free Will Free Essays

Although the gods know what one’s life will be before he lives it, man still has the freewill to live as he wills†. Fate is an event or action which Is destined to happen in a particular way whereas freewill is the ability to act In a manner which is not influenced by predestination. I believe that these two philosophical concepts Influence the outcome of one another. We will write a custom essay sample on Fate vs. Free Will or any similar topic only for you Order Now The basic Interpretation of this adage means that the gods know what our lives are going to be Like from the first moment of birth o our last moment of death, and this ideology refers to fate. During the duration between these two important points, man has the ability to go about and choose to do whatever he may desire, and this ideology refers to freewill. The gods know what choices you are going to make as well as its result. Personally I am able to relate on how fate and freewill influence the outcome of each other. In my religion, it is believed that life in an ongoing cycle and that the person who you are in one life will affect the person who you will be in your next life. Likewise a few medical problems, such as high cholesterol and diabetes, run In my family. The elders try their best to encourage each other to remain aware about the health conditions. Recently I have had two deaths In my family relevant to health- related problems. My uncle died to the fatal effects of diabetes and my great- grandmother died due to a weight-related Illness. Before these two very Important and influential people even thought about the poor choices they were intending to make, the gods already knew what the outcome would be. Carols Irwin Settees, also known as by his stage-name Charlie Sheen, was born into a family of renowned actor and actresses and it was assumed, or likewise â€Å"destined†, for him to follow in his family footsteps. However, the outcome of his life did not turn out to be what was expected. This happened when he came across two paths; the path of righteousness and the path of wrongdoing. Unfortunately, Charlie Sheen took the wrong path which led to the physical and emotional destruction of his life and career. This path included alcohol and drug abuse and marital problems, as well as allegations of committing domestic violence. This led to his ejection from the hit television series Two and a Half Men. This scenario portrays how Charlie Sheen was able to go about himself and take whichever actions he desired to do, but the gods already knew what the outcome of his life would be. Fate vs†¦ Free Will By divvy_ran freewill to live as he wills†. Fate is an event or action which is destined to happen in a reticular way whereas freewill is the ability to act in a manner which is not influence the outcome of one another. The basic interpretation of this adage means that the gods know what our lives are going to be like from the first moment of birth Likewise a few medical problems, such as high cholesterol and diabetes, run in my health conditions. Recently I have had two deaths in my family relevant to health- grandmother died due to a weight-related illness. Before these two very important hit television series Two and a Half Men. This scenario portrays how Charlie Sheen How to cite Fate vs. Free Will, Papers

Minister of Pensions and National Insurance - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Minister of Pensions and National Insurance. Answer: Introduction: Firstly the common law agency test or the control test. According to the provisions of this test if an employer have the right to control the employee in a manner through the kind of work which was done by him but also the way in which the work was done by him he is an employee. This test was provided by the case of Yewens v Noake (1881) 6 QBD 530 where it was stated by the judge that A Servant is a person subject to the command of his master as to the manner in which he shall do his work." A more realistic approach has been developed towards determining employment in the case of Cassidy v Ministry of Health [1951] 2 KB 343, in this case the test which was developed was known as the integration test. Through the application of this test employment is determined by analyzing whether the person is a primary part of the business are an integral part or only are secondary accessory to the business. The latest develop test in order to identify the status of employment is known as the multi factor test. As the name suggests the test is the combination of the above two tests. This test is a threefold test in order to determine employment. The test was used in the landmark case of Ready Mixed Concrete (South East) Ltd v Minister of Pensions and National Insurance [1968] 2 QB 497. The judge identified three factors which had to be considered in order to determine whether a person is an independent contractor or an employee. Firstly the person agrees to provide his own skills to the employer in exchange of remuneration or wages. Secondly there is agreement between the person and the employee that this services would be significantly controlled by the employer. Finally the other terms of the contract are in accordance with a contract of employment. In relation to the first requirement there has to be remuneration and wages in order to create a consideration for the contract. The own work and skill of the employee has to be provided to the employer. There must be no freedom to do the job by the employee himself or by some other person unless in a very limited circumstances if provided by the employer. A lot of room for interpretation is left by the multiple test in relation to the final condition where no fixed list of factors are provided which may be consistent or inconsistent. These factors are derived through the matter of common sense. In the case of Market Investigations Ltd v Minister for Social Security [1969] 2 QB 173 it had been provided by the Cooke J that the basic issue was to determine whether a person who had been appointed to carry in the services are doing so on the account of the business or his own account. In case it is provided that the person is doing it for the business and not his personal account the person in an employee. The case listed a few factors related to the contract of employment which are the extent of risk upon the worker, the extent of control of the employer on the worker, who is the owner of the equipment and tools, the way in which payment is made, obligations towards each other and the capacity of providing substitutes. The flexibility which is provided through the multi-factor test was also used in a successful way to determine the issue in the case of Lee v Lee's Air Farming Ltd [1960] UKPC 33. In this case it as found by the court that a sole owner (plaintiff) of the company was an employee as an incorporated company was a separate entity and had control over the way in which the plaintiff carried out his work. A notice of termination has to be provided not only through common law according to which an employee has to be provided with a notice period before he is terminated in order to find others mode of employment but also through the FWA section 117. According to the section an employer is not allowed to end the employment of an employee unless the employee is provided by the employer a written notice with respect to the day of termination. The notice should not be provided after the termination has been made. Section 358 of the FWA expressly provides that an employer is not allowed to dismiss or threatened to dismiss and employee so that the employee can be engaged in form of an independent contractor to do the same or comparatively same job with respect to a contract of services. In the case of Fair Work Ombudsman v Happy Cabby Pty Ltd Anor [2013] FCCA 397 record fine had been imposed by the court on the shuttle company with respect to the violation of provisions related to sham contracting as provided by the FWA which included the offences of failing to provide pay slips and underpayment. In the case of Fair Work Ombudsman v Northern Enterprises Pty Ltd [2013] FCCA 216 it was held by the court that even where the employee was made to enter under a contract of services, as the employer had control over the employee it accounted to sham contracting. The control test and the integration test are not very effective alone to determine the employment status of a person. Therefore in relation to the scenario the multifactor test would be used to analyzing the position of Davy in relation to ABC. In the provided situation it has been given that Davy was not clear to be he was contracted to after he was purported to be terminated from his position as an employee and ask to work for DEF. Although Davy was not mandatorily required to wear his uniform but he used to wear his uniform at work. In addition Davy used to use the Van provided by ABC in order to carry out his work. The work allocation of Davy was still provided by ABC along with the materials and tools required to complete his work. Therefore, through the application of the multi factor test as discussed above it can be provided that as Davy worked for ABC in exchange of remuneration, as work allocations and tools are provided by ABC to Davy it can be said that ABC had significant control over his work and as he used the van of ABC and mobile phone these also account to the terms of an employment contract. Therefore it can be provided that Davy is an employee of ABC not an independent contractor according to the provisi on of Ready Mixed Concrete (South East) Ltd v Minister of Pensions and National Insurance case. In addition through the application of the provisions provided through the case of market investigations ltd v minister of social security, in relation to the multi-factor test it can further be strengthened that Davy is an employee of ABC and not a contractor. This can be said by referring to the factors provided by the case and the facts given in the situation of Davy. The case provides the person doing the work as an essential factor, where as it is provided that Davy had to do the cleaning work by his own. In addition the case provided whether the employee worked for the business or on his own account, in the given situation it is clear that Davy worked for the business and not his own account. Moreover Davy was provided the tools and equipment to carry n his duty by ABC which according to the principles of the case is a factor of being an employee. Although it was not mandatory for Davy to war his uniform one factor also is not enough to determine employment. In addition, according to common law and provisions of 117 of the FWA, ABC is required to give Davy a notice of termination before he can be dismissed from his employment.if not a notice as per section 117 Davy is entitled to a payment by ABC in lieu of the notice of termination. According to the above discussed section and cases on sham contracting it can be said that by asking Davy to and his employment and contract with DEF while doing the same job ABC have violated the provisions of section 358 of the FWA in relation to Sham contracting. Conclusions Davy is the employee of ABC and not a contractor has been determined through the application of the multifactor test provided by common law cases. ABC must give Davy a notice of termination in accordance to both the provision of common law as well as section 117 of the FWA. Action of ABC to engage Davy as a contractor to DEF by terminating his employment also accounted to sham contracting according to the provisions of section 358 of the FWA. References Cassidy v Ministry of Health [1951] 2 KB 343 Fair Work Act 2009 (Cth) Fair Work Ombudsman v Happy Cabby Pty Ltd Anor [2013] FCCA 397 Fair Work Ombudsman v Northern Enterprises Pty Ltd [2013] FCCA 216 Lee v Lee's Air Farming Ltd [1960] UKPC 33 Market Investigations Ltd v Minister for Social Security [1969] 2 QB 173 Ready Mixed Concrete (South East) Ltd v Minister of Pensions and National Insurance [1968] 2 QB 497 Yewens v Noake (1881) 6 QBD 530

On the Beach Review Essay Example

On the Beach Review Paper Essay on On the Beach If you are unhappy you probolemy sex. If you are happy you have all the same problems with sex. Even if you do not feel anything it is first of all it means that you have problems with sex. That such an impression on me to produce works of Ian McEwan. Not long ago, I read a collection of his short stories First love, last anointing, now the turn of the novel On the Beach (On Chesil Beach). On the Beach is very intimate, very compact product of two boobies newlyweds, experiencing their first wedding night. Both of them are virgins, and both cry basics of sexual education. Both end up doing a lot more stupid than would be worth destroying, in the end, all their rosy dreams of a life together. correctly noted by critics that through nesostoyavshuyasya love young inexperienced pair, McEwan gave the feeling of breaking up periods . It is, indeed, a very strong feeling. (By the same author puts the story into a rich household details on the historical context of Englands 60-ies of the last century.) In general, sex, McEwan in the works, it seemed to me always a metaphor. Through sex whenever defective the author expresses a certain inferiority of the world We will write a custom essay sample on On the Beach Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on On the Beach Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on On the Beach Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer But, it is not necessary to wait for the book to some radical or ostentatious call.. It is quite restrained and chaste work. Although it is difficult to escape the feeling that the writer is a cruel game with their heroes, like a cat with a mouse. The narrative is in turn, on behalf of the groom, the bride on the face. In addition, the author exactly conveys status and feelings, which take precedence over reason in critical situations when it would be better to do, in order not to speak, but it does, and it is said. I can not definitely recommend to read this book, or, uniquely, to dissuade. This novel is optional, but McEwan, chertyaka, writing can not read it nice .

The Infortunate - Indentured Servitude essays

The Infortunate - Indentured Servitude essays Indentured servitude commenced in the seventeenth century when many Europeans wanted to embark on a life in the colonies. At that time, European nations heavily promoted the possibility of prosperity in the colonies, encouraging families to move to America. However, individuals seeking out affluence in the colonies could not afford the trip to America, and if they could, most would not have enough money to purchase land and support their family. This financial burden did not hinder the European's longing to reach the colonies. And the solution to the financial problem was indentured servitude. The complications of seeking out a new life in the colonies is exemplified in The Infortunate an autobiography written by William Moraley that illustrates his voyage as a poor European seeking out prosperity in the colonies as an indentured servant. Although many Europeans hoped to thrive in the colonies, this was not attained without difficulty. Indentured servants and bound servants had a poor quality of life. Indentured servants, even after gaining their freedom usually worked low paying jobs and poor free workers faced similar hardships. Bound servants had an added difficulty in that they could be captured and recirculated into slavery all over again. There was no break to the servant-hood cycle. After the death of his father, a journeyman clockmaker, Moraley possessed scarce resources and was imprisoned for debt. The thirty-year-old Moraley bound himself for five years as a servant in the British North American colonies. As exemplified throughout Moraleys excursion, a Europeans trip to America would be paid for if they would then be a servant for a certain number of years (usually between four and fourteen). After they served their term, an indentured servant would be given clothes, land, and some money. For many poor, taking a ship to the plantations was a form of survival migration, necessitated by the dif...

Analysis of front cover of best Essay Example for Free

Analysis of front cover of best Essay â€Å"Best† is published by ACP-NatMag and falls into the category of woman’s lifestyle magazine. Best has to compete with some other major magazines such as Reveal and Bella. Best’s front cover has to make an impression on its audience by making itself bright, bold and bubbly. This is achieved using different methods to entice the reader, with extremely eye-catching colours such as pink, yellow, blue and white which clash, using Fern Britton in the traditional picture used on every magazine, and through human interest stories as well as shocking stories which further invite the reader to buy the magazine The main story line ‘Drop 7lb Faster’ suggests that the magazine is trying to tempt the audience into learning the secrets of a celebrity diet, but actually only tells the reader a fraction of what to do on the inside. Eventually, as the audience is not fully aware that there will not be the best tips and information inside, the reader still has become interested and wants to find out more. After the reader has looked into the main eye-catching story, the reader is left almost feeling cheated after the promise of a weight loss programme. The audiences’ eye is drawn to this as it is positioned to the left at the top of the page, right below the masthead.. The words in the phrase are used in the typical sans serif font, but with striking colours. It is located just underneath the Best logo in a contrasting colour which immediately draws attention to itself. The bright and bold text is the biggest size used on the cover besides the masthead, as the logo is most important. It clearly stands out from any other object on the cover. The word ‘Faster’ is actually italicised, this leads to the word looking as if it is actually moving, going faster, almost blurring away from the other words. The television presenter, Fern Britton, is placed on the right side of the magazine, as the biggest photograph on the cover. The image of the presenter is conventional for this type of magazine, she is around the same age as the targeted audience, making her a potential â€Å"friend†, where she is acting as a symbol, almost as a mothering figure, someone you can relate to. She is a striking image compared to the bland white background which she is placed on. She looks straight out at the audience in a confident manner, smiling at the audience in a friendly way, reinforcing that the magazine is trying to make itself appear to be a friend to the reader. She is wearing a formal black dress which provides an interesting contrast between her and the background. Despite the celebrity status she appears to have in the photograph, she is pictured lower down to her right in a normal everyday situation with her child. The photograph almost makes the reader feel like that is her and can relate to her like family. The title next to the picture, ‘FERN – HRT has made me a NICER MUM’ is in a direct form of address which makes the audience feel like they are being spoken to directly. It is in a big, bright, contrasting colour compared to the background photograph. Also, the way the magazine refers to Fern, is almost as if the audience are close to her. As well as fulfilling some of the audience’s needs, i. e. makeshift friendship, it suggests that because the magazine refers to the presenter in a close way, the audience is getting advice from a celebrity. One of the cover lines is cleverly written to entice the audience even more than any other story. Because it offers simple ways for â€Å"9 EASY DINNERS†, most women would be interested in learning the secrets of quick appetising meals, as 5 dishes are displayed in images. However it is possible that the readers could somehow feel disillusioned because as they read on to they find that the meals actually take around 45 minutes to an hour. One other cover line â€Å"SISTERS OF COURAGE† stands out from the others, as it is not in big, bold multicoloured, yet in smaller red sans serif font, with bullet point styled border on a white background. This can make the impression that it’s a shocking story. The picture to the right of the cover line is of two normal looking sisters, together, with an exclusive tag underneath. This can make the reader feel smug as they are reading a story that other magazines may not posses. The phrase underneath the cover line is somewhat exaggerated slightly as it quotes â€Å"We broke our silence to JAIL our EVIL DAD†. The three words, JAIL, EVIL and DAD are in a dark red, bold font. As red is seen to be an evil colour, it emphasises the words more to make them more dramatic and shocking. â€Å"My 3 Miracles, mended my broken heart underneath† is a cover line with a photo of triplets. The three are placed on a bright pink background, easily noticeable. The triplets make a bold contrast as the colours are completely different to the background, making the image stand out. Yet as it does this, the photograph is a heart warming, enticing the reader to read on. Again, the way that the phrase is being displayed, it further reinforces that the magazine is your friend talking directly out to you in a informal manner, almost like the other person telling the story is there, next to reader. In conclusion, the BEST editor has used a proven publication model to entice the fickle public to purchase and read its magazine in preference to a competitor. Analysis of front cover of best. (2017, Aug 04).

Urban marginality in Los Angeles as seen through the film Boyz N The Essay

Urban marginality in Los Angeles as seen through the film Boyz N The Hood - Essay Example African Americans in the US have been an insignia of perpetual degradation historically as they have been shuttled and chained all the way through the slave economy to the capitalist economy. Charles Scruggs wrote, â€Å"The forms of the invisible city are joined at key points: The invisibility of Afro-Americans in this culture, their reduction to stereotype, is closely related to the phenomena of the mass media and the world of consumer desire, part of an economics of mass consumption† (Scruggs cited in Massood 85). The Significance of Suburbs in Movies Suburb in the movies is used as a contested idea. A vast majority of Americans think of suburb as any type of establishment around a large city’s periphery, though they may be present in small cities as the populations settled around the points of intersection of main highways are also referred to as the suburbs. A movie can be included in the category of suburban movies if it is shot in suburbs for its major part, and also it is important that its characters significantly relate to the imagined or real ethos of the suburbs. The movie Boys N the Hood fulfills these criteria of the suburban movies as hood is the central location of the movie in which all its events happen. A Brief Review of Boys N the Hood The movie Boys N the Hood portrays the life of a group of young African Americans living in South Central Los Angeles, who are struggling to escape the widespread violence in the city. Some are keeping their hopes high to get educated and excel in sports, while others become victims and part of the violent gangs. The movie i s not perfect as it makes an attempt to capture every single challenge that the African Americans living in Los Angeles are exposed to in a matter of just one and a half hours of screen time, that is practically too less to do justice with any of the issues discussed. Too many issues shoved into such a short movie make the whole movie in general and the symbolism in particular appear forced, and the audiences sometimes find the movie unbearably heavy-handed. However, the audiences tend to draw the intended meanings of the sounds and images temporarily abandoning their disbelief in the theater’s darkness, so as to gain full essence of the movie. â€Å"Of course, viewers recognize that movies do not present unfiltered reality: The characters are actors, the speech is scripted, and probably most of the artifacts are phony† (Muzzio and Halper 548). Indeed, filtered reality is in a way, the strength of the movie since the fundamental reason why audiences opt to go to the ci nemas to watch the movies is that they want to have the unfiltered reality of the real world replaced with the filtered reality shown in the movies. Reflection of Urban Marginality in Boyz N The Hood Boyz N the Hood reflects the efforts of young film-literate director of the African American descent, and gives a detailed account of the difficulties experienced by their young protagonists as they come of age. The narrative in Boyz N the Hood has been placed in the geographic boundaries of hood that has precise coordinates i.e. South Central Los Angeles in the case of this film. The selection of hood as the canvas of the story has a solid reason as the hood encompasses a variety of metaphorical meanings that apply to the characters as well as their lives as

CORPORATE STRATEGY - FITNESS INDUSTRY NEW YORK FITNESS Assignment

CORPORATE STRATEGY - FITNESS INDUSTRY NEW YORK FITNESS - Assignment Example This industry renders the facility of fitness specially gym and health clubs as per membership basis. The benefits provided by this industry include the use of exercise equipments and weights, along with facilitating personal training, group classes and other club amenities. As per the data of IBIS World (2012), the fitness industry especially gym and health clubs have inculcated an estimated figure of around 8.7 million members across the United Kingdom, which is nearly 17% of the adult population. The London Olympics specially provided the extra motivation in this industry; as a result, the revenue increased by around 9.5% over the last five years (IBIS World, 2013). The fitness industry is incredibly successful with innovation and changing technologies which provides the adapting capability of the products for suiting its own requirements. Though there are around 6000 gyms and health clubs in the UK but they cater to the different market segments. These include women only gyms, tr aditional body building gyms, budget model gyms, premium full service health club, and 24-hour gyms among others. In London, there are around 70,200 people employed in the active leisure, learning as well as wellbeing sector among them 5900 are employed in the health and fitness industry. Therefore, the government of the UK also provides help for ensuring sustained growth of this sector. London has a rich mix of active leisure and learning facilities, high profile sporting clubs and also a host of international, national and regional events. Therefore, the industry skills fill the gap of sports specific technical skills and health consciousness (AACS LMI, 2010). Contextually, on the basis of research initiatives on management theory the analysis is done with the help of PESTLE analysis of the external environment. Besides, in this paper, Bowman’s Strategy Clock and application and justification of the Ansoff’s Matrix are also going to be provided as analysing tools for finding out marketing and growth strategy of a new company. Thus, by analysing the external and internal factors a set of recommendations is also drawn on the development options of the business (Jarzabkowski & et. al, 2009). PESTLE Analysis of the Fitness Industry in the UK A PESTLE analysis at times referred to as PEST analysis is one of the imperative and useful tools for analysing and understanding the industry position as a whole and is often used in conjunction with a SWOT analysis to access the situation of an individual business. A PESTLE analysis is one of the most important frameworks regarding to the assessment of macro environmental analysis. Therefore, it is one of the most important frameworks and a key part for designing of strategic management. The term ‘PESTLE’ refers Political, Economical, Social, Technological, Legal and Environmental factors. This analysis enables to draw varied pertinent responses regarding various questions such as what are the po litical factors which likely to affect the industry, important economic factors, cultural aspects, technological innovations, present and imminent legislations of the government as well as environmental considerations. However, it is also needed to highlight that these factors definitely depend and

Reviewing Classroom Management Plan Essay Example for Free

Reviewing Classroom Management Plan Essay In reviewing this classroom management plan, I will be looking at the various elements that make up the plan. Such as the visual environment, physical arrangement, class rules and procedures as well as the types of instruction, communication plan and the teacher’s personal philosophy. Classroom management involves teacher actions to create a learning environment that encourages positive social interaction, active engagement in learning, and self- motivation. (Burden 2004) The management plan discusses how the visual environment will be set up to motivate the students to learn by having a star student board. That recognizes the student’s hard work both intellectually and socially. As well as having the walls decorated with posters and student’s artwork. There will also be plants and animals in the classroom that the students will be take care of in order to develop of sense of responsibility. It is important to make your classroom an attractive, comfortable place. (Burden, 2004) Sensory stimulation is another effect of a good classroom setting. For children, it is easier to learn in a very appealing classroom, because the elements of the things that would appeal to the senses are there. Pictures, colors, sound, and so forth. (Furniture, 2008)The physical arrangement is set up in groups so that the students can use it as a work space as well as centers. By putting the desks in group it promotes group cohesiveness as well as helping with behavior management. It also helps students with different learning needs, because students get the help that they need by having their peers and teacher to help them. Having different centers in the classroom is an excellent way to incorporate many skills and concepts, but it is also a great way to target students’ different learning styles. This plan gives students a chance to express their different learning styles. By giving them a chance to work with other students in the book nook area or meet with them on the carpet at different designated times. The arrangement of furniture affects space allocation and space allocation has effects to the learning atmosphere. If the classroom looks narrow and small for students, they feel restricted and they do not interact well. On the other hand, if a classroom provides adequate space, students feel that there is space for interaction. (Furniture, 2008) The room is set up so the high traffic areas are free of congestion and there is plenty of space to be able to move around the room effectively. Some things that you could add to make the classroom more accessible for students in a wheel chair is by maybe adding a ramp outside the class room, and larger work space area for the student to be able work at instead of a traditional desk. The way the desks, tables, and other classroom materials are arranged affects instruction and has an influence on order in the classroom. (Burden, 2004) The plan does not tell how the teacher developed the rules. Ways that you could have the students become involved in the process of making the rules is by asking the students what things that they think should be a rule. Depending on the age of children, the teacher may need to reword the rules in positive way instead of a negative. When teachers collaborate with their students to identify the need for rules and procedures in the classroom it helps to establish an orderly and safe place for learning. When they are given the opportunity to help create the list of rules, students are more motivated to follow them. Students will understand that the rules are meant to keep them safe and help them figure out what to do. Rules are general behavioral standards or expectations that are to be followed in classroom. They are general rules of conduct that are intended to guide individual behavior in an attempt to promote positive interaction and avoid disruptive behavior. (Burden, 2004) For playground and cafeteria behavior the teacher has the students follow the classroom rules. Procedures are approved ways to achieve specific tasks in the classroom. (Burden, 2004) If students know the classroom procedures, the routine runs more smoothly and efficiently and less time is wasted. (Ashbaker, 2006) Establishing classroom procedures and rules helps teachers and students to stay organized. When the students have  clear expectations there are fewer behavior disruptions. Procedures tell students how to perform routine instructional and housekeeping tasks. (Sadlers, 2009) The teacher has set transitions for the students to follow for beginning of the school day, leaving the room, returning to the room and the ending of day. The transitions for starting the day is having the students put a card onto the bulletin board telling what they want for lunch, they will also find out what their job will be for the day. By doing this it teaches the student’s responsibility for making sure that their job gets done and they get to chose what they want for lunch. The students next need to go to their desks and do their morning working which gives all the students time to put their lunch card onto the bulletin board and find out their job. As well as letting the teacher get any last minute things ready for the day of instruction. The students have a set way of leaving the room in which they need to do the appropriate sign language sign for their needs. Then once the teacher acknowledges them, they also need to sign out on the sheet by the door and take the hall pass. When returning to the room the students needs to enter the room quietly and sign back in on the paper and return the hall pass and then return back to their work. By doing this it also forces the student to take responsibility for remembering the right sign language sign and also to make sure that the teacher sees the sign before they can get from their desk. As well as making sure to remember to sign out and sign in and take the hall pass and return the pass when they return back to the room. Transitions are movements from one activity to another. A smooth transition allows one activity to flow into another without any breaks in the delivery of the lesson. To reduce the potential for disorder during transitions, you should prepare students for upcoming transitions, establish efficient transition routines, and clearly define the boundaries for the lessons. (Burden, 2003) The children are taught sign language for the words drinking fountain, sink, and bathroom, which are non-verbal cues that the students can use to let the teacher know of their needs. As well the teacher also uses cues by raising her hand in the air to let children know that the classroom is getting too noisy. The students will then raise their hands as well and put their finger over their lips and immediately stop what they are doing and put their eyes on the teacher. By using sign language as well as other non verbal cues, it is a way for the student as well as the teacher to express themselves without disrupting the class. The teacher states that she will using multiple intelligences to include all learning styles, She will be using a combination of direct instruction, small groups and center to teach the students. There is no mention in the plan of how the teacher creates or delivers her lesson plan. To meet the needs of diverse students, instruction cannot be one-dimensional. By using various methods of instruction it helps each student to reach their academic potential. (Burden, 2004)There is a communication plan set up to keep the teacher, students and parents up to date on the student’s progress. The students will receive feedback on their assignments as well as assignments will be displayed on the front board. Each student will keep track of their assignments in their own personal assignment books. If a student stops completing their assignments then there will be a pink slip that will be sent home to the parent. Which will explain the assignment that was not completed the consequences as well the slip needs to be signed by a parent before sending back to school. There will also be a star bulletin board set up where the teacher will give the student positive feedback. Parent conferences will be held as well as having report cards sent home. This plan help the students receive some positive feedback from their teachers as well as letting them stay up to date on their homework assignments. Although I think this plan needs to include more ways for students as well as parents to receive frequent positive and negative feedback. Providing positive feedback helps the child to feel good about what they have accomplished. As well from negative feedback learn what skill or behavior they need to approved upon. Overall I like this class management plan; I believe Classroom Management is the key component in any educational setting. I believe that if students are in a safe environment, then learning can take place. In this plan the teacher set the tone for the class, by preventing behavior problems with interesting and engaging curriculums and effectively including all students in the classroom so that their needs are met. Having the right environment for all students to learn should be every teacher’s major goal. In order to implement an effective classroom management plan in the classroom, without it the students would not be able to learn. The changes I would make are to include more feedback for students and information on how the rules and lesson plan were developed and implemented. Also let the students have a part in developing the rules, so that will have a better understanding of rules. They also will be more inclined to follow them and the consequences. Another thing that is missing is a behavior system that includes some certain of reward system for the students as well as the classroom for positive behavior and consequences for negative behavior. I would leave everything else the same; I think that the main components of the plan would work well with the needed changes that I have suggested. I think that a paraprofessional would be able to fit nicely into this plan by helping the teacher and students when needed. . References Ashbaker, B. Morgan, J. (2006). Paraprofessionals in the Classroom. Boston, MA: Pearson Education, Inc Burden, Paul R. (2003). Classroom management: Creating a successful learning Community (2nd). JohnWiley Sons. Maine Burden, P. (2004) An Educator’s Guide to Classroom Management. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin. Sadlers, Krista. (2009, November 2). How to Establish Classroom Procedures and Rules. Retrieved from http://classroom-organization. suite101. com/article. cfm/how_to_establish_classroom_procedures_and_rules Furniture Arrangement affects learning. (2008). Retrieved from http://sugearup. com/2008/09/furniture-arrangement-affects-learning.

Victorian Lifestyles :: Papers

Victorian Lifestyles Working clothes for poorer people were often passed down within the family or bought from second hand shops. They were usually made from coarsely woven wool or cotton cloth and they would be mended and patched to make them last a long time. Most people tried to have a better set of clothes for 'Sunday best'. Wealthier families could afford smart dressed and clothes made from better quality material. Ladies were interested in fashion and read magazines like The Young Ladies Journal to find out about the latest styles. Early Victorian ladies wore full skirts with as many as six petticoats. In the 1850s crinoline skirts were supported on wire cages and later padded cushions or bustles were tied around the waist under the skirts to make them stick out at the back. Ladies wore tightly laced corsets to give them the narrow waists that were thought to be attractive. Well off men wore knee length frock coats in silk or velvet, silk waistcoats and shirts with stiffly starched high collars. Underneath they wore vests and long underpants made from woollen cloth. They wore a top hat or perhaps a newly fashionable bowler hat and carried a cane or walking stick. Beards and side-whiskers were also fashionable. Children in wealthy families wore very formal clothes. Girls wore dresses which were as fancy as the grown ups but slightly shorter. Boys wore dresses until they were about five or six and then were dressed in sailor suits or velvet suits with lace collars and cuffs. Until Isaac Singer invented the sewing machine in 1851 all clothes were made by hand. Seamstresses worked long hours for low wages, stitching clothes for wealthy people. In the Victorian period work inside and outside the home took up much more time than it does today and working people had far less leisure time. There was little money to spare and no radio, television, CDs, cinemas or sports centres. People, however, found all sorts of ways of enjoying what free time they had.

Story for English Exam

Young killer The gunshot was still ringing in my ears as I ran to my bedroom. I shut the door and locked myself in; I couldn’t stop the tears from flowing, hitting the polished wooden floor like rain in a storm, more and more I howled. He didn’t deserve it even after everything he did. Darren was dead. Everyone thought Darren was great, he always was a charmer. Every morning he would wake up and bring me breakfast. â€Å"Alright love? † he would say with a wink. I just loved him, he had a great smile with perfect white teeth, and his caramel skin was to die for. Rich, handsome and smart, Darren was my rock my leaning post when times were hard. Everything was perfect, we were perfect, the perfect family, Darren me and the two kids- Danielle and Joshua. All seemed well to everyone, but Darren started to change, he had a problem, a drinking problem. Darren would come home drunk each night looking for a fight, glaring about, he was a lion about to devour his prey. â€Å"Where the hell is that Danielle? † he screamed one day. Danielle walked down the stairs in a timid way, she knew what was coming. Darren was mad because Danielle didn’t finish the washing up. He grabbed her hair and dragged her to the sink screaming the house down with abuse. He kicked her and hit her until he grew tired, I couldn’t bare to watch. Darren was a monster. He repeated his â€Å"game† day after day. I wanted to say something I wanted it all to stop, but I couldn’t I loved Darren far too much, I was scared he would leave me, but enough was enough especially for Danielle. I had only one option I had to run, with the kids. I packed our bags, hastily throwing clothes into suitcases, blue, red, yellow, t-shirts, jumpers flying across the room as I tried to pack as much as possible in that short space of time. I got to Danielle’s t-shirt drawer and started to clear it when†¦ Clunk! A black shiny hand gun, rattled as it hit the floor. I stared at it traumatised, the death tool staring back. Questions were whizzing through my mind, why did Danielle have this? What was it for? Where did she get it from? Danielle was a good girl who wouldn’t even hurt a fly I just couldn’t understand why something so sinister was in her possession. After at least an hour of thinking in shock I decided to stop packing this issue was far more important than running away. I took a pair of Danielle’s green skinny jeans and placed the gun inside I wrapped the rest of the jeans around the gun and popped it back in the corner of Danielle’s drawer, couldn’t take the gun because Darren would find it so I left it there for a couple of days hoping and wishing that I could forget what I saw. Months had passed and Darren was back to his lovely self, he was buying treats for the kids and he hadn’t touched a single alcoholic beverage for at least three months, I was so proud of him. Everything was back to normal and even Danielle seemed back to the happy girl we all knew and loved, she even shared the occasional smile with her dad. All of that was to good to be true, as soon as I started to believe that Darren was a changed man he disappeared for three days, I would go to my bed and shed some tears praying to God that he would return, I would lay there night after night staring into the empty space beside me I knew what I was feeling it had to be loneliness and it was turning my heart cold. I cried myself to sleep a picture of the family tucked under my pillow being my only source of happiness. The next day came in a flash and Darren stormed through the door his eyes red with rage, he pushed passed me before I could say a word and he ran for the kitchen. Nobody knew what was on his mind. Ten minutes later he returned, but with a kitchen knife in his hand me and Danielle trembled in fear. He looked at me with no love in his eyes and grabbed for Danielle I screamed â€Å"NO! † and blood was trickling down fingers as I made feeble attempts to grab the knife. He had Danielle in his grip the knife coming closer and closer to her chest, my best efforts weren’t enough, I jumped up once more and nearly had the knife when. BANG! A metal bullet flew through the air and Darren fell to the ground the bullet sticking deep in his heart.. Me and Danielle turned to see a small sized silhouette holding a gun. The person turned around it was Joshua with a pair of green skinny jeans hanging round his neck. The gunshot was still ringing in my ears as I ran to my bedroom. A fact filling my head, that my son had murdered his father but saved his sister at the same time.

Life is not the Bed of roses Essay

Life is not the bed of roses neither it is the bed of thorns. A person is himself or herself responsible for making his or her life either the bed of roses or the bed of thorns. Success in every field of life never comes to you on its own. You have to strive hard to get to it. As the example of climbing the ladder says to reach to the top you have to climb every single step on the ladder, same is the case with the success of life. Success is not the ladder which can be climbed with your hands in the pocket. Happy and sad moments are the part of life. If sad moments are not faced, one can never realize the worth of the happy moments. Adversity is that great part of life which leads you towards the successful future. Adversity makes you stronger and enough capable to bear the entire crisis you face traveling through the different stages of life in order to make you stronger both mentally and physically. Hard times are like washing machines, they twist, turn and knock us around but in the end we come out cleaner, brighter and better than before. Life never waits for anyone, you have to come up and get it. Never think that if your facing pain or un-success than life becomes useless for you. As we say after every dark night there is a morning that comes up with full of light that brightens up your day. If you face crises than do think that the success is making its way to you. All you have to do is to urge harder to get through all the problems which surely will bring you closer to a better future. Never lose the hope as we say tomorrow never dies and always remember beautiful pictures are always developed from the negatives in the dark room.

Welafre essays

Welafre essays In November 1960, at the age of 43, John F. Kennedy became the youngest man ever elected president of the United States. Theodore Roosevelt had become president at 42 when President William McKinley was assassinated, but he was not elected at that age. On Nov. 22, 1963, Kennedy was shot to death in Dallas, Tex., the fourth United States president to die by an assassin's bullet. Kennedy was the nation's first Roman Catholic president. He was inaugurated in January 1961, succeeding Republican President Dwight D. Eisenhower. He defeated the Republican candidate, Vice-President Richard M. Nixon, by little more than 100,000 votes. It was one of the closest elections in the nation's history. Although Kennedy and his vice-presidential running mate, Lyndon B. Johnson, got less than half of the more than 68 million votes cast, they won the Electoral College vote. Kennedy thus became the 14th minority president. Because of the close vote, election results were challenged in many states. The official electoral vote was Kennedy 303, Nixon 219, and Senator Harry F. Byrd of Virginia 15. President Kennedy's great-grandparents immigrated to the United States from Ireland in 1858. They settled in Boston, Mass. His grandfathers, Patrick J. Kennedy and John F. ("Honey Fitz") Fitzgerald, were born there. Both men became influential in state politics. "Honey Fitz" served several terms as Boston's mayor and as a member of the United States House of Representatives. Patrick Kennedy was a powerful ward boss and served in both houses of the Massachusetts legislature. Patrick's son, Joseph, was a brilliant mathematician. At the age of 25 he became the youngest bank president in the United States. His fortune continued to grow, and he was one of the few financiers to sense the stock market crash of 1929. He made hundreds of millions of dollars. Joseph married Rose Fitzgerald, daughter of Honey Fitz, on Oct. 7, 1914. Their first child, Joseph, J...

Personality Traits and PTSD Resilience Research Paper

Personality Traits and PTSD Resilience - Research Paper Example The TR in DSM-IV-TR refers to† text revision†s. Numeroff et al. (2009), a reprint of the work of Numeroff et al. (2006), reviewed the state of science in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The authors pointed out five key points. First, PTSD is frequent among women than among men. Second, the presence of group C symptoms after exposure to trauma can predict the development of PTSD. Third, increases in corticotrophin-releasing factor or CRF concentration associated with PTSD â€Å"may be reversed† with paroxetine treatment. Fourth, â€Å"hippocampal volume appears to be selectively decreased and hippocampal function impaired among PTSD patients.† Fifth, prolonged exposure therapy is effective in modifying negative cognitions that are frequent among PTSD patients. Note that in Numeroff et al. (2009) or state of science on the PTSD, there was no mention on the role of personality traits and resilience. In the 2000 guidelines of 50 pages for treating PTSD wri tten by Foa et al., there was no mention on the role of personality traits in hastening or slowing down the treatment or management of PTSDs. The treatment guidelines were developed under the auspices of the PTSD Treatment Guidelines Task Force organized by the Board of Directors of the International Society for Trauma Stress Studies (ISTSS) in November 1997 (Foa et al., 2000, p. 539). The treatment guidelines described PTSD as a serious psychological condition resulting from an exposure to a traumatic event (Foa et al., 2000, p. 539). The 2000 guidelines mentioned that the symptoms associated with PTSDs are â€Å"reliving the traumatic events or frightening elements of it; avoidance of thoughts, memories, people, and places associated with the event; emotional numbing; and symptoms of elevated arousal† (Foa et al., 2000, p. 539). The treatment guidelines pointed out that PTSDs are â€Å"often accompanied by other psychological disorders† (Foa et al., 2000, p. 539). Fu rther, the treatment guidelines elaborated that the â€Å"PTSD is a complex condition that can be associated with significant morbidity, disability, and impairment of life functions† (Foa et al., 2000, p. 539). The fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) of the American Psychiatric Association (1994) guided the guidelines. The guidelines recognized that research that shaped the guidelines came largely from western industrialized nations and little is known about the treatment of the PTSD in non-industrialized countries (Foa et al, 2000, p. 540). The guidelines also noted that there are limitations in the scientific literature on the PTSDs because most studies have used inclusion and exclusion criteria and, thus, each study may not fully represent the complete â€Å"spectrum† of patients (Foa et al., 2000, p. 541). In particular, it is customary in the studies of PTSD treatment to â€Å"exclude patients with active substance dependence, acute suicidal ideation, neuropsychological deficits, retardation, or cardiovascular disease† such that generalization of the findings to all populations may not be appropriate (Foa et al., 2000 p. 541). However, like Numeroff et al. (2009), Foa et al. (2000) did not mention anything on the association

Tort Law Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Tort Law - Assignment Example Besides, in a contractual relationship, the responsibility imposed by law is in the directions of the other party, by whom there is privity of agreement. In tort, the responsibility lies in the directions of the members of the public or world at large, with whom there is no requirement for any contract. â€Å"A tort is a civil wrong for which the legal remedy is an action brought by means of civil proceedings by or on behalf of the injured party for damages or some other legal remedy desired by the person who has suffered the wrong† (Law of Torts Including MV Accident and Consumer Protection Laws-I 1). Fact of the Case: The case provides a summary of the gas leakage in Pub. And also this particular case brings out the various ethical matters concerned in the disaster. Ben, who is the employer of the Maid Marion Gas Company, carelessly fixed pipe work which caused leakage of gas into the pub. Chef of the pub Charlie lit a gas in the kitchen and consequently this caused a blast and fire in the pub. So, Donald the barman, suffered harsh burns and consequently a recurrence of the clinical depression from, which he had undergo some long ago. Parties involved: Parties involved in this case are, Alan, Emma, Charlie and Donald. Alan can claim against the Maid Marion Gas Company for nervous shock and negligence. In tort law, Negligence is depends on the existence of a contravention of the obligation of care, owed by one person to another. Alan came home later, subsequent to the fire, and saw that his pub had been completely destroyed. He was so distress that he is till date suffering from insomnia and nervousness. Company should take due care for preventing any kind of the leakage. Gas is such a hazardous substances and leakage of gas can create lots of tragedy in the society. And also, it will create environmental pollution in the society. Here the leakage is mainly because of the careless on the part of the employer Ben. But at the same time, it is the duty of the company to check all those things because it is such a toxic substance. Emma and Charlie are the secondary victims of the gas leakage. Because of this, they faced nervous shock. So, they also can claim against the Maid Marion Gas Company for the nervous shock. Charlie is the chef of the pub, he lit a gas stove in the pub kitchen and a few minutes later this caused a blast and fire in the pub. That time he was outside in the garden, he was not injured in the explosion but felt himself accountable for the injuries undergone by his co-worker, and has now had a nervous breakdown. Like Emma, who is the girlfriend of Donald and also who had lived with Donald for some years, reached at his hospital bed some hours later, after he had an emergency operation. She was extremely shocked to see him greatly bandaged. Since then she has not slept sound and has suffered panic attacks. And also, Donald can claim compensation from Ben and Maid Marion Gas Company for the injury that he has faced. Donald can also claim under Workman Compensation, because his injury was caused at the time of work and also in the working premises. Donald is the primary victim of the tragedy. Both Ben and Company are jointly liable for the injury of Donald. They are also liable for the vicarious liability and negligence. â€Å"Vicarious liability is the principle of law that holds one party liable for the acts (or inactions) of another† (Beyer 3). Vicarious liability, which is general in some parts of law, refers to lawful duty for the actions of another. If a rule holds X accountable for Y's actions, then X's responsibility is said to be vicarious. Conclusion: A tort is an offence that is privately impeached, usually for damages, though some tort

Supercomputers Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Supercomputers - Research Paper Example a. The first supercomputer was put to use at Columbia University between 1954 and 1963 to find missile trajectories. The supercomputer was known as the IBM Naval Ordnance Research Calculator capable of performing 15,000 operations per second (Columbia University, 2013). c. Xie et al. (2010) emphasize that evolution in computer components facilitated the development of supercomputers. Beginning with an early stage development, it evolved into vector supercomputer stage then flourished to massive parallel processing supercomputer stage and then evolved further to the cluster stage. Ever since late 60s, the performance of supercomputers has improved almost 10 times per spell of four years surpassing even Moores law. Advantages of supercomputers are speed, accuracy, and capability to charter in unknown territories such as space-research, discovering genomes coding that are otherwise very difficult to perform. On disadvantages side, its high cost and huge power consumption can be cited. High power consumption leads to heat generation that in turn, increases frequent replacement of the important parts increasing its maintenance cost. Due to fast advances in computer field today’s supercomputer can be redundant as time passes by (Newman, 2011). 1. An IBM system installed at the U.S. Department of Energy’s Los Alamos National Laboratory in 2008 is able to compute at the rate of 1.026 petaflop per second. The system is nicknamed as "Roadrunner". It is important to note that this is one of the most energy efficient systems during the time. The Square-Kilometer Array (SKA) project aims at developing the largest radio telescope in the world for space research. This will be done by establishing a series of hundreds of smaller radio telescopes in the area of one-square kilometer. The purpose is to gather a vast amount of data extensively deep into the space. This will unfold how galaxies evolve and secrets about dark matter and

Complacency case Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Complacency case - Essay Example Her immense reputation on handling any infant in the NICU should enable her to handle even the critically ill infants (Hamlin, 2011). Her failure to read professional journals and her argument and ignorance may make her responsible for any infant death associated with her career (Hamlin, 2011). By believing that her hand are more profession on experience than what a researchers article could ever be. She has no incentives to read articles and practice what she reads. Lack of this and her ignorance leads to a rapid infant mortality (Hamlin, 2011). Deborah’s suction and the employment of another nurse will lead to less infant death rates (Hamlin, 2011). This will be applicable because this new nurse will be handling all the cases unlike Deborah who handles only what she can hold on to she never makes the effort to try a read the ways of handling critically sick infants (Hamlin, 2011). The infants that are critically ill will benefit together with their families. Low mortality rates means that most of the critically ill infants will be facing intensive care from a widely learned nurse (Hamlin, 2011). Goals will only be achieved by the reduction of infant’s death rates (Hamlin, 2011). The employment of the new nurse will ensure that the critically ill infants are taken care of according to the clinical books journals and basic knowledge (Hamlin, 2011). Deborah applied only the knowledge she knew, and she had a false believe (Hamlin, 2011). By believing that her experience was enough for her job, yet she did not care for the critically ill infant was wrong. Every intellect in certain courses needs more additional knowledge in his or her area of specialization no matter how experienced a profession is with that certain case (Hamlin, 2011). The effectiveness of changing a nurse as soon as possible will lead to good health monitoring (Hamlin, 2011). The problem that Debora made was that she misused her handling for the rate

Equine Assisted Activities Spina Bifida Health And Social Care Essay

Equine Assisted Activities Spina Bifida Health And Social Care Essay Spina Bifida is a neurological disorder whose main attribute is a failure of the spine to close properly before birth. As the fetus develops in the first month of pregnancy, the brain and spinal cord form from a small piece of tissue called the neural tube.   For one in approximately every one thousand babies, this neural tube does not close properly after the spinal cord has developed, resulting in a portion of the spinal cord being exposed at birth. It is not known what exactly causes this malformation, but it has been hypothesized that there may be a genetic link. Another explanation is that Spina Bifida may be caused by this genetic link in combination with a deficiency of folic acid in the mother during pregnancy. Folic acid is a B vitamin that is important for fetal development in the first three months of pregnancy, thus an insufficient amount could lead the spinal cord not forming properly. The brain and spinal cord are some of the first organs to develop in the fetus, and thus a lack of folic acid could interrupt their development (Watson 4-8). In the most severe cases of Spina Bifida, classified as forms of Spina Bifida Cystica, a sac is exposed on the childs back that contains fluid, nerves, protective nerve coverings, and sometimes a portion of the spinal cord (Resources for Working with Youth with Special Needs). This sac is surgically removed within the first few days after birth, while trying to save and replace in the body as many of the viable nerves as possible. The extent of the damage to the spinal cord depends on how far down the spine the opening occurs. This in turn determines the level of paralysis or disability of the individual. The spinal cord and nerves are not always exposed in a sac outside of the body, but can also be just slightly damaged in a form of the condition known as hidden Spina Bifida. Whether or not there is a sac present outside of the body, the deformity of the spinal cord can occur in varying degrees, resulting in three main types of Spina Bifida (National Institutes of Health; Watson, 6). The most common type of Spina Bifida, which results in the most severe disabilities, is called Myelomeningocele Spina Bifida. The characterizing exposed sac protrudes out of an opening in the babys back, and contains a portion of the spinal cord. Because many of the nerves contained in this sac are damaged, this form of Spina Bifida can cause severe disabilities including weakness, loss of feeling in or paralysis of the feet, legs and sometimes waist (Center for Disease Control and Prevention). Meningocele Spina Bifida is less severe than Myelomeningocele, but has similar effects on the individual. The neural sac is still exposed and exists outside of the body, however it does not contain any part of the spinal cord itself, and thus causes less nerve damage. Individuals with this form of Spina Bifida may have some loss of feeling, weakness or paralysis in the feet and lower legs (Center for Disease Control and Prevention). The mildest form is called Spina Bifida Occulta. It is often referred to as hidden Spina Bifida, because it is not apparent at birth and usually does not affect the individual at all. The spinal cord is not damaged in this form of the disease, but there is a small opening between vertebrae in the spine. Because it is so subtle, Spina Bifida Occulta is usually not diagnosed unless the individual has an X-ray or test done for another condition, and it generally is not severe enough to even require treatment (Watson, 6).   Many individuals with Spina Bifida also have a condition known as Hydrocephalus, or water on the brain, which is essentially a build-up of cerebro-spinal fluid around the brain. A widening of the spinal canal called hydromyelia, which creates a cavity where fluid can build up, can cause hydrocephalus. It is a common co-occurrence with Spina Bifida because the deformity of the spinal cord can prevent the fluid from draining as it normally would (Watson, 7). This condition is usually treated with a shunt placed in the individuals skull, which helps to properly drain the excess fluid. In many cases, the hydrocephalus itself is caused by another common co-occurring condition with Spina Bifida, called Chiari II Malformation. This is a malformation of the skull that results in the bottom portion of the skull being smaller than normal. When this happens, part of the cerebellum and brain stem are pushed downward into the neck, blocking the flow of cerebrospinal fluid and causing hydrocephalu s (National Institutes of Neurological Disorders and Stroke). Since the cerebellum is the portion of the brain that controls balance, this can affect the individuals vestibular sense. Many of the problems associated with the two more severe forms of Spina Bifida can be improved with equine assisted activities. Due to the fact that all forms of Spina Bifida affect the spinal cord and nerves of the individual, the most common problems associated with the disease relate to motor coordination as a result of lack of feeling, weakness or paralysis in the lower limbs. Sometimes, difficulties with bilateral integration can also occur depending on the specific individuals disability. Often, individuals with Spina Bifida have increased muscle tone and some spasticity in their legs. Usually they are able to walk with the use of equipment such as leg braces, body braces, crutches and walkers, but have abnormal gaits and have difficulty standing without movement (Bartonek, et. al). They can also have difficulty with trunk control and holding them selves in a sitting position if the nerve damage affected their ability to feel and control their hips and waist. Due to the lack of feeling in some parts of the body, some individuals with Spina Bifida may have problems with sensory integration to some extent. This would be present mainly in terms of the vestibular and proprioceptive senses. Some additional problems such as tendonitis and skin breakdown can co-occur with Spina Bifida, mainly due to the loss of feeling in the lower extremities. In some cases, mental along with physical function is affected and the individual may have some degree of mental retardation, but this is often not the case. Equine Assisted Activities Individuals with Spina Bifida could participate in and benefit from two main Equine Assisted Activities: Hippotherapy and Therapeutic Riding. Because Spina Bifida primarily causes physical problems, hippotherapy would probably be the best option, as it is a true therapy that would provide more medical benefits than a therapeutic riding lesson alone could provide. However, hippotherapy could be used in conjunction with therapeutic riding. Hippotherapy and Therapeutic riding would provide very different benefits, however, they both have the potential to improve an individuals physical motor skills along with their mental and social skills if those areas were affected. Hippotherapy would most likely be the best option for an individual with Spina Bifida, as the conditions primary manifestations affect the physical abilities of the individual, requiring more assistance from a physical therapist to improve motor function. Hippotherapy Hippotherapy would most likely be the main equine assisted activity for riders with Spina Bifida. It would provide the required physical therapy to improve muscle tone and motor function, more so than therapeutic riding alone. The activities and exercises in hippotherapy target neuromuscular function, movement disorders and sensory integration disorders, which are all areas that can be affected in a person with Spina Bifida. Overall, as with other equine assisted activities, the horse would provide perfect three-dimensional motion and warmth, allowing the rider to relax their muscles and let the horse move their legs and hips. This movement would be key, as many individuals with Spina Bifida focus on learning how to walk so they are not confined to a wheelchair. Though many will not be able to walk without crutches or braces, the movement of the horse can teach them both mentally and physically what the patterns of walking look and feel like so that someday they may be able to implem ent the motions off the horse. Since the purposes of hippotherapy revolve around goals related to physical and sensory abilities, the rider would be focused on improving in some of the following areas. Most importantly, the stretches and balancing exercises in hippotherapy could help improve muscle tone and movement, allowing the rider to work on further developing their balance, posture and mobility. Some examples of these exercises could include the rider standing in the stirrups, with assistance if needed, trying to maintain balance, or the rider laying on their back on the horse, using their leg muscles to hold themselves up on the horses neck.   Ultimately, all of the skills and improvements gained from hippotherapy sessions could lead to a final goal of improved gross motor skills such as walking, sitting and standing which are the simple daily tasks that most Spina Bifida patients struggle with throughout their lives. Therapeutic Riding Therapeutic Riding could benefit riders with Spina Bifida, but would most likely be in addition to hippotherapy. Therapeutic riding could provide the added benefit of social interaction and learning riding skills on top of the more intense physical therapy gained from hippotherapy. Therapeutic riding could provide a setting in which the rider could refine the stretches and activities learned in hippotherapy and apply them on a more simplistic level while riding in a therapeutic lesson. Whether in Hippotherapy or Therapeutic Riding, the same fundamental benefits of simply being on the horse would exist. The three-dimensional motion and patterns of the horses gait would encourage walking, and in this setting would be more relaxed than in an intense physical therapy-type lesson. Though hippotherapy would provide most of the necessary therapy components to a rider with Spina Bifida, therapeutic riding does have several aspects that are not present in hippotherapy that could greatly benefit the riders. They would be required to use their bodies a little bit differently in a riding lesson-that is, rather than the horse simply being a prop that moves underneath them while the lay down or stretch, they would have to integrate their movements with those of the horse. The riders would need to use their legs to signal the horse to walk on, and they would need to maintain balance and posture throughout the lesson, requiring them to use their leg, hip, and trunk muscles. In certain activities, such as trotting and two-pointing, they would be required to use their leg muscles even more to keep balanced and remain steady on the horse. This may be very challenging for some individuals, depending on their level of weakness or paralysis in the legs. On top of these benefits, therapeutic riding would provide a setting in which individuals could interact with other riders and their volunteers in a fun and relaxed setting. Hippotherapy, as it is a true therapy, would most likely be very challenging and tiring, and therapeutic riding could provide a setting in which riders could enjoy the company of other people and horses in a less intense session. Contraindications for Spina Bifida and Equine Assisted Activities Though a rider with Spina Bifida can benefit greatly from equine assisted activities, there are several contraindications that should be considered before beginning with either hippotherapy or therapeutic riding. Many of the common contraindications of riding horses are present in individuals with Spina Bifida. However, some can be present but mild enough so as not to limit the rider. Either way, it is important to consider all of the possible contraindications and risks before he rider begins either a hippotherapy or therapeutic riding session. One of the most important things to consider when looking into contraindication for a rider with Spina Bifida is the ability to maintain a sitting position on the horse. If a rider is unable to maintain this position without causing kyphosis or lordosis (inward curving or bowing of the spine), then the Spina Bifida itself could be considered a contraindication (Medline Plus). In most cases, it is only a precaution if a correctly fitted, deep-seated saddle (most likely a western saddle) is available. Another prevalent contraindications for riders with Spina Bifida is hydrocephalus, a common co-occurrence of Spina Bifida. Generally it is a contraindication due to the fact that it is treated with the placement of a shunt. If a properly fitting helmet cannot be placed on the rider without putting pressure on the shunt, it may only be a precaution (North Okanagan Therapeutic Riding Association). Another common contraindication associated with Spina Bifida is the possibility of developing a condition known as Tethered Cord Syndrome-when the base of the spinal cord is held down and unable to move freely in the spinal column. This condition normally occurs as a result of scar tissue forming from the original surgery to remove the myelomeningocele or meningocele. This scar tissue is what ties the spinal cord down. In some cases, the motion of the horse can increase the chances of this condition forming, or aggravate it if the condition has already begin to develop, making it an important contraindication to consider. Tethered cord syndrome can worsen the already existent problems associated with Spina Bifida. It can cause worsening of gait associated with increased pain and spasticity in the legs, and rapid development of scoliosis (Spina Bifida Association). Conclusions   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Spina Bifida is a common neurological disorder that can cause lack of feeling, weakness and paralysis of the lower extremities. In some cases, other conditions such as hydrocephalus, Chiari II malformation, Tethered Cord Syndrome, tendonitis and mental retardation can co-occur with Spina Bifida, ultimately resulting in struggles with physical and sometimes mental function. The problems associated with Spina Bifida and its co-occurrences primarily affect motor function and the tactile, proprioceptive and vestibular senses. For this reason, equine assisted activities such as Hippotherapy and Therapeutic riding can have a very positive impact on riders with Spina Bifida. One or both of these activities can be implemented in the individuals routine to improve their motor function, specifically in terms of their abilities to use the muscles in their feet, legs, hips and trunk. Gross motor skills such as standing and walking are the main challen ges that individuals with Spina Bifida face, and the natural movements of the horse, along with therapy exercises and activities can be very effective in improving these skills in order for individuals to achieve more independence and in turn, better quality of life.

Johnny Appleseed :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jonathan Chapman, orchardist, was possibly the only man living in Pittsburgh who should be counting his grains at the end of the day, although no other had such attractive wares to offer as he. But he could not honestly sell young apple trees that would die on the long, slow journeys into the wilderness of the Northwest Territory, so he was obliged to discourage men from buying. Nevertheless he would have as busy as a day as any, just in being a brother to wayfaring man and beast.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  His nursery and orchard lay on the main traveled road, on the blow of Grant's Hill, the very first bit of rising ground eastward of town. From that green and flowery slope the ancient woods had long since retreated, so from rude doorways below, from forest clamps above, and from boats on the flanking, bluff boarded streams Johnny’s blossoming trees were visible that morning as a drift of dawn. To the nearer view of passes-by the nurseries made and his orchard offered a moment of rest and refreshment from the feverish activities of the day. Every traveler stopped at his gate, for in a never failing spring that bubbled up, cold and clear in cobble-lined basin by the roadside, Johnny had â€Å"next water† in and out of Pittsburgh.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Johnny had lost no time in getting to work. From soil as soft as loose as an ash-heap he pulled forest seedlings and weed-stalks by hand. Tough bushed, briars, and saplings he cut down with his hatchet, grubbed out the roots; and with his hoe he destroyed the inumberable cones of annuals that, pushing through the blanket of drifted leaves, ran up every rise in flickers of pale-green fire. The ground cleared over a fraction of an acre on the well-drained slope that faced westward toward the river, he raked it free of clods, opened orderly rows of trenches, and put in and covered up his seeds.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Until his trees were in bearing he must pay his way by other services in that land of bitter toil and privation, so, in return for food and shelter, he lent a hand at whatever work was afoot. Besides, he must learn how to do everything that new-comers and Indians needed to know in order to conquer their hard circumstances. He helped raise the cabins of green buckeye logs; he took his turn at plow or scythe or ax; and beat out grain with flails on barn floors or buffalo hide.

Wellness Perspectives Of Obesity Health And Social Care Essay

It has been observed that those with high abdominal splanchnic adiposeness or huge sums of splanchnic adiposeness in general ( fleshiness ) are at increased hazard for the metabolic syndrome. This is due to effects of inordinate fat shops on the vasculature and on endothelial map. Per Bjorntorp offered grounds to back up that hormonal instabilities, specifically of hydrocortisone and sex endocrines, are of import in the pathogenesis of insulin opposition, which is besides a lending factor to increased hazard for the syndrome. Genetics plays an implicit in function in the forecast of the metabolic syndrome, every bit good. Restrictions of utilizing the metabolic syndrome in clinical scenes as a diagnostic tool include concluding such that it ‘s non clearly understood which individual or combination of status ( s ) described above ( ATP3 diagnostic standards ) really are responsible for increasing hazard or doing any cardiovascular or metabolic upsets in the long tally, and the fact that the arbitrary figure ( 3 ) of conditions met measure up a patient for holding the syndrome. Metabolic syndrome is besides a gray country in foretelling wellness result due to the manner wellness professionals approach intervention – some tackle one status at a clip while others prescribe a general life style intercession. The metabolic syndrome has evolved into its name from â€Å" Syndrome X † over the old ages ; Syndrome X addressed a bunch of symptoms associated with insulin opposition and when cardiovascular abnormalcies were added to the diagnosing the name changed to the â€Å" metabolic syndrome † . There is a disagreement as to whether or non the construct metabolic syndrome should be dismissed, due to the obscure nature of its being as neither a true disease nor a true syndrome. 2. Describe why the metabolic syndrome is sometimes depicted as a syrupy rhythm. ( 10 points ) We live in a society where sedentary life styles are common and nutrient is aplenty, two factors that addition likeliness for positive energy balance. When genetic sciences and constructs like the â€Å" thrifty cistron † theory are factored into the equation the likeliness for weight addition is raised even more. Once an single becomes obese they are at hazard for certain features that represent the metabolic syndrome – or all of them – harmonizing to ATP3 guidelines. They besides may meet some of the emotional effects of being overweight, such as depression or deficiency of ego esteem – both can potentially originate and fuel â€Å" nerve-racking feeding † and take to farther weight addition and wellness complications. This cycling mentioned so far is merely in footings of weight, which sets the phase for farther jobs in association with the metabolic syndrome. At the cellular degree, one thing tends to engender another, whether it ‘s an aggravation of one factor or the induction of a different 1. For illustration, as insulin opposition is brought on by hapless dietetic and exercising wonts ( but particularly the self-contradictory free fatso acid flux associated with fleshiness[ 2 ]) , it causes greater insulin opposition. Besides, insulin – being a growing factor that can advance adipogenesis – has the possible to heighten production of ectopic fat in its ability to heighten lipoprotein lipase ( LPL ) activity and suppress hormone-sensitive lipase ( HSL ) activity. This ( over ) production causes inflammatory markers to be called upon to assist relieve the state of affairs, and their presence in and of itself serves to decline insulin opposition. Girod et al 20032 explains this rhythm in great item in a superb article. The diagram below was taken from the article and depicts the rhythm ‘s chief flow and major points. 3. Define weight cycling. Discuss the grounds about weight cycling being â€Å" risky † to wellness. ( 10 points ) Weight cycling is insistent weight loss and recover over clip. It is besides referred to as â€Å" yo-yo † dieting, and is normally measured by how many witting dieting efforts an person has made. Cycling is in regulation with Elfhag ‘s belief that losing weight and maintaining it off is highly hard.[ 3 ]She and several others stand steadfastly behind the impression that weight care is disputing. Despite the increased prevalence of weight cycling and the increasing figure of rhythms carried out per individual, diet crazes and weight loss plans are at full steam with new constructs and â€Å" advanced † merchandises being placed on the market continually. Though the mechanisms are non good understood weight cycling appears to hold an association with increased all-cause and cardiovascular mortality.[ 4 ],[ 5 ]There are several factors that may turn to this job. It may hold to make with the evident alterations in organic structure composing related to loss and regain ; those who regain tend to recover mass in the signifier different types of fat – chiefly splanchnic fat – and it appears to roll up mostly around the middle of the organic structure.[ 6 ]Two specific factors are at drama here for increased hazard for cardiovascular issues, one is the high sum of splanchnic fat and the 2nd is the accretion of this fat around the center, increasing waist perimeter. Both of these are besides mostly involved with the oncoming of insulin opposition, another reported complication of weight cycling.[ 7 ]The addition in cardiovascular mortality may besides be a consequence of the changeless fluctuation of certain markers that affect endothelial map, which include blood force per unit area, serum glucose and serum lipoids ( lessenings in HDL are associated with weight cycling[ 8 ]) .[ 9 ]Kidney map is besides affected during cycling by a fluctuating glomerular filtration rate.[ 10 ]One more factor is the pronounced alterations in sympathetic nervous system activity during the restriction/overfeeding cycling, which significantly insult blood force per unit area and bosom map and finally impacts overall cardiac burden. To farther support that weight cycling is â€Å" risky † , Hooper et Al observed pronounced additions in appetite-stimulating endocrine profiles ( increased ghrelin, lower glucose, and lower androgen degrees, specifically ) in postmenopausal adult females who reported a history of repeated turns of weight cycling[ 11 ]– this would increase the likeliness for weight regain. It has besides been reported that weight cycling is associated with an increased prevalence of eating disorders/disordered feeding, bone breaks, malignant neoplastic diseases, type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure and psychological upsets. 4. Define and depict what is meant by chronic emphasis. ( 10 points ) Chronic emphasis is continual exposure to certain stimulations that elevates and maintains a degree of allostatic activity in the organic structure. Chronic emphasis can originate from a figure of state of affairss, whether environmental or internal. The â€Å" stress response † refers to the manner the organic structure reacts under emphasis, and it depends on the strength and continuance of the abuse. When an person is under chronic emphasis, the allostasis involves alterations in energy flow which affects several factors such as appetency, energy storage mechanisms and alimentary use. Stress endocrines such as hydrocortisone, corticotropin-releasing endocrine ( CRH ) , epinephrine and norepinephrine are released in effort to restart stableness in a fight-or-flight- or defeat reaction-type state of affairs that has been imposed on the organic structure, via either the hypothalamic pituitary suprarenal gland ( HPA ) axis or the sympathetic-adrenomedullary ( SAM ) system. Chro nic emphasis has been linked to increased hazard for going corpulence or corpulent. 5. Describe how chronic emphasis it is related to splanchnic fleshiness and clinical manifestations of the metabolic syndrome. Define and depict the part of the SNS system, the HPA axis, and wellness behaviours on splanchnic fleshiness and metabolic syndrome. ( 30 points ) . The HPA axis is a cardinal control hub of the emphasis response cascade, located in the hypothalamus and encephalon root, and regulated by CRH. It runs on a feedback system, in which adrenocorticotropic endocrine is secreted from the anterior hypophysis and Acts of the Apostless on the adrenal cerebral mantle to excite cortisol secernment ; in bend hydrocortisone studies back to the encephalon to close off production of more hydrocortisone. The SAM works in concurrence with the HPA axis to run the emphasis response and is located in the venue ceruleus on the Ponss – though it is typically called upon in state of affairss where the emphasis abuse is non perceived as overly-threatening. During the response to chronic emphasis, the presence of adrenaline serves to close down digestive procedures and diverts all attending to the sympathetic activity in an effort to supply the organic structure with the ability to get by with the emphasis. Cortisol release, nevertheless is associated with eating and increased feelings of hungriness. Chronic elevated hydrocortisone degrees is besides known to do splanchnic fat accretion and deposition ; a good known factor of fleshiness and the metabolic syndrome. Adipose tissue – particularly intra-abdominal – contains more glucocorticoid ( hydrocortisone ) receptors, which finally yields greater glucocorticoid metamorphosis in the abdominal country compared to other parts. Within splanchnic adipose tissue, in the presence of insulin the hydrocortisone serves to forestall lipid mobilisation for usage and supports fat accretion alternatively, in either of two ways: one, through stimulation of lipoprotein lipase activity or two, through the repressive effects hydrocortisone has on growing endocrine, which promotes lypolitic activty when permitted to work freely. Cortisol besides suppresses the consumption and usage of glucose in musculus tissue, and at the same time promotes the dislocation of protein in an attempt to originate gluconeogenesis in the liver. Epinephrine and noradrenaline are received and processed by sympathomimetic receptors. Two types of receptors exist, alpha and beta. Alpha receptors initiate a cascade consequence to let go of free fatty acids, while beta receptors inhibit this cascade and therefore the release of free fatty acids and alternatively advance fatty acerb storage. When free fatso acids are released into the portal system, unless they are used right off ( i.e. , to back up energy demands of physical activity ) they remain in circulation and it can be risky to hepatic metamorphosis and insulin sensitiveness. Both of these complications are markers associated with the metabolic syndrome. The presence of hydrocortisone stimulates hunger which can take to â€Å" nerve-racking feeding † and, accordingly, weight addition particularly in the signifier of splanchnic adipose via mechanisms mentioned above. The more hydrocortisones released in response to emphasize the higher the inclination to eat more of calorically heavy nutrients. There is grounds to propose that consumption may be affected by neuropeptide Y, CRH and leptin every bit good as opioid and endocannabinoid signaling in concurrence hydrocortisone activity.[ 12 ]In footings of the theoretical account of reward-based feeding, cognitive restraint of indulging in a peculiar nutrient outputs a signifier of emphasis that increases hydrocortisone concentrations which impact NPY, insulin and leptin degrees ; hunger work stoppages hard while the wages tracts are initiated and while the individual gives in and devour the point the circulating endocrines and hydrocortisone act to heighten fatty acerb storage in th e signifier of splanchnic adipose and supress insulin sensitiveness. Currently-overweight females and those with a history of high dietetic restraint are most likely to digest this destiny. Repeated Acts of the Apostless of this step will finally take to increased hazard for weight addition and farther, the metabolic syndrome. 6. Using the Obesity Atlas and/or other resources, describe and compare the function and influences of biology/genetics, physical activity behavior/ eating behaviour and environment on the etiology of fleshiness. Which of these facets has the strongest impact? Why? Which of these may be the most promising to prosecute for bar or intervention of fleshiness. Why? ( 30 ) The etiology of fleshiness can non be represented by any one individual factor ; alternatively there are a battalion of influences on energy balance and weight fluctuations that are really loosely grouped into: biological science and genetic sciences, physical activity/inactivity, dietetic wonts, and the psychosocial influences from the envrionment. While physiology and familial make-up are the strongest forecasters of phenotype, they are about impossible to alter after creative activity of a human being. On the other manus, the physical universe around us and our concsious daily determinations are extremely dynamic, and therefore these are the 1s that should be targeted for intercession and intervention. There is grounds to back up that genetic sciences work in concurrence with the environment to lend to obesity on a planetary degree. Research has shown there are specific internal biological and physiological procedures that can be influenced by heritable traits ; one such illustration set Forth is the thrifty cistron hypothesis ( Neel, 1961 ) with which it was proposed that the organic structure can be predisposed for extremely efficient food hive awaying mechanisms, therefore seting them at a disadvantage for increased hazard of weight addition compared to the non-thrifty-gene-carrying population. Another illustration is the set point theory ( Bennet et al, 1982 ) , which entails that an internal control system dictates and regulates how much fat a individual carries throughout their life-time. Geneticss have besides been linked to weight loss as good – Shin et Al, 2006 found that certain SNPs in the ADIPOQ cistron ( influences alterations in go arounding adiponectin degrees ) can find how good, or ill, one responds to dietary & amp ; exercising intercessions. Mager et Al, 2008 observed mutants in the ghrelin receptor cistron which were associated with fleshiness and glucose metamorphosis in people with impaired glucose tolerance, and found that specific SNPs in this cistron besides influenced how one responds to burden loss intercessions. However, good beyond the negligible sum of research behind the familial part to fleshiness is the other, good established offender – the external environment in which we live and its afloat pool of abuses. The society we are constructing around us begets eternal options and short cuts – 1s that were non available in the times of our early ascendants ; therefore, they are non contributing to proper direction of our organic structures the manner nature intended. The grounds is all around us, from McDonalds Dollar Menu to the Dollar Store and from wireless cyberspace to Segway scooters ; it ‘s all about money and ease these yearss. And so to prod us while we ‘re down after lading up on cheap, high fat nutrient we have the amusement industry, which has drawn voluminous sums of attending to an overdone image of the â€Å" perfect organic structure † over the old ages, making this mute criterion of and spliting line between how we should and should n't look . Now the sudden rush in diet and weight loss pills, plans and regimens has left us in even more of a dither, scared to look one manner or the other in fright of being stared at, smirked at, laughed at, judged or ridiculed for the manner we appear on the exterior. So we stagger on, and our caputs down and custodies in the bowl of comfort. emphasis could ne'er be the exclusive cause of and be an effectual mark for intercession and intervention for the rise in fleshiness. There are merely excessively many extra confounding factors – genetic sciences and hapless dietetic and exercising wonts are the major wrongdoers. The construction of American society is by no agencies conducive to easy, healthy life, with widespread economical instability and far, far excessively many cutoff options. You ‘re stressed at work so you mindless make for the tremendous bowl of Halloween confect in the common country ; you are short on hard currency so you head into McDonalds for their dollar bill of fare choice ; you do n't experience like walking the stat mi to work so you get into your auto or hop on the coach.